English Flashcards
Subject and predicate
Predicate : the part of the sentence that tells you what the subject is doing. The predicate is where you will locate the verb of the sentence and often begins with the verb.
Ex: The mail carrier (subject) left(verb/predicate) the package on the doorstep (rest of predicate)
Dependent clause
A group of words that contain a subject and verb, but does not express a complete thought.
Ex: Despite owning a car (dependent clause)
Independent clause
A group of words that can stand alone as a complete sentence.
Ex: Michelle takes the bus to work every morning. (Independent clause)
When a dependent clause comes before an independent clause.
They are joined using a comma.
Ex: Despite owning a car,(dependent) Michelle takes the bus to work everyday. (Independent)
Select all that apply
There will be more than one correct answer. Read carefully
Complete sentence
Have a subject and a predicate and express a complete thought.
*tip for this question: read through passage and mark down which sentences are complete.
Citation
A reference to a book, paper, or author.
MLA APA in text citation example: (5-7)
Plagiarism
When you don’t give people credit for their work.
?When and when not to cite
? Questions ?
-outside study
-self done study
-paraphrase
Clause
Part of a sentence that demonstrates correct punctuation
?
Ex:
When to use a colon
When a clause is a claim and independent use a colon before a list.
Ex: we will be studying three sources of electrical power: solar, wind, and tidal energy.
- we will be studying three sources of electrical power that are: solar, wind, and tidal energy.
(This difference makes the clause not independent)
Adjective
A word used to describe a noun.
Ex:
Coordinating adjectives
Adjectives describing the same noun and call for a comma between them.
Ex: She baked the soft, fluffy biscuits to perfection.
Non essential clause
A clause that is not needed In the sentence.
Tip: if you remove the clause it doesn’t change the meaning of the sentence.
When you have a non essential clause you put a comma before and after it.
Ex: My sister, a single mother of two, has many tips on finding deals at the grocery store.
Introductory clause / adverb
An adverb that comes at the beginning of a sentence (always followed by a comma)
Ex: First, please register with a valid email.
Adverb
A word that describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Adverbs are used to show how, when, where, or to what extent something happens.
Ex:
*practice
Quotation marks
Should frame what is being spoken.
Single quote: used for quote within a quote.
*study punctuation rules and capitalization rules.
List of 3 or more items
Comma between them.
Oxford comma: comma before conjunction and last item.
Modifiers
Words that change or alter the meaning of another word.
Ex:
Misplaced modifiers
Modifiers that are placed incorrectly in a sentence and seem to modify or describe the wrong thing.
(Modifiers should come before the thing they are modifying)
Ex: she purchased a perfectly fitted(modifier)dress from her favorite store.
Misplaced: she purchased a dress from her favorite store that was perfectly fitted.
Subject verb agreement
The subject and verb must agree
The must both be singular or plural and in the same tense.
Tone
The attitude and or feeling expressed in the text
*work on
Examples of tones
Objective: facts
Regretful: wishing for change
Indignant: angry or annoyed
Nostalgia: looking back (positive)
Context
Look for context clues In order to figure out the tone.
Genre
Type or category of writing
Ex: (movies) action, adventure, comedy.
(Writing) article, research essay, poems, letters, fictional stories.
Stanza
A division of a poem consisting of two or more lines arranged together.
Audience
The group of readers for whom an author writes a piece of text. (Find key words and read option list)
Publication
A piece of text created for public sale
Anthology
Collection
Information that doesn’t belong in paragraph
Tip: read answers first, does it read like the other sentences? Does it talk about the main topic of the paragraph?
Transition sentences
Moving or changing between one thing and another.
Tip: transitions are usually at the beginning of the sentence.
Transition word examples: however, due to this, ultimately (closing or conclusion), on the contrary (switching to another ideal aka transitioning)
Writing process
Brainstorming—> publication
- Brainstorming (ideas)
- Outlining/ planning
- Drafting/ writing (putting pen to paper, writing, typing)
- Revising (changing writing organization or sentence *not editing / proofreading (editing grammar)
- Citing sources
- Publishing (submitting to audience)
Supporting details
A sentence that provides additional and specific information to clarify, prove, or explain the topic or main idea.
Topic (intro) sentence
Introducing idea
Prefixes suffixes affix
Added to root word to slightly change meaning
*examples
Context clues
Words phrases or sentences that give clues to another words meaning.
Context clues
Words phrases or sentences that give clues to another words meaning.
Clauses are separated
By punctuation
Radio has your two hips moving
Rhythm
Suffix that creates a different meaning than the root word
Tip: write out root word by itself
-ed, -es, -ies (past, present, plural) doesn’t change meaning
-al (changes noun to adjective)
Intestine vs intestinal
- practice
Whom, who, that, which
Whom: person or people that something is happening to.
Who: person or people performing an action.
That: pronoun used to describe a specific noun.
Which: used with nonessential clauses
(Study examples)
Formal and informal language
Slang, contractions (informal)
Word choice (formal)
