English 11 Fallacies Flash Cards
Claim of Value
Argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong, or desirable or undesirable
Claim of Policy
Proposes a change
Claim of Fact
Asserts that something is true or not
Personal Experience
A type of evidence that uses firsthand experiences to support an argument
Anecdotes
Short stories
Current events
New events in society used to prove an argument
Historical Information
Using past events to prove a point in an argument
Expert Opinion
Using scientific or professional evidence in an argument
Quantitative Evidence
Statistical proof in an argument
Logical Fallacies
Vulnerabilities in an argument
Red Herring
Occurs when a speaker skips to a new/irrelevant topic
Faulty Analogies
Focuses on irrelevant/inconsequential similarities
Straw Man Fallacies
Occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor example to ridicule the opponent’s viewpoint
Either/Or Fallacies
Speaker used two extremes as the only options
Hasty Generalization
Not enough evidence to support a particular conclusion
Circular Reasoning
Repeating a claim as a way to provide evidence
Post Hoc Fallacies
Claims that something is a cause just because it happened prior to an event
Appeal to False Authority
Occurs when someone who has no expertise speaks on an issue
Bandwagon Appeal
“Everybody is doing it”
Scare Tactic
Scaring the opponent into an ultimatum
Ad Hominem
Using a person’s interests or character against them in an argument
