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English 10 Final Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Ardent

A

(adj.) very enthusiastic, impassioned

The members of the winning team acknowledged the cheers of their ardent fans.

Synonyms: intense, fervent, avid
Antonyms: indifferent, stolid, phlegmatic, apathetic

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2
Q

Chastise

A

(v.) to inflict physical punishment as a means of correction; to scold severely

State and federal laws now forbid the use of corporal punishment to chastise prisoners.

Synonyms: discipline, censure
Antonyms: commend, reward

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3
Q

Deviate

A

(v.) to turn aside; to stray from a norm; (n.) one who departs from a norm; (adj.) differing from a norm, heterodox, unconventional

Try not to deviate from the directions given in the owner’s manual.

Those who disagrees with the Soviet for, of government were often branded as deviates and imprisoned.

Under our system of justice, the mentally ill cannot be held responsible for their deviate behavior.

Synonyms: (v.) diverge, veer, swerve
Antonyms: (v.) conform to, abide by; (adj.) orthodox

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4
Q

Gnarled

A

(adj.) knotted, twisted, lumpy

The gnarled limbs of cypresses dominate many of the landscapes painted by the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh.

Synonyms: knotty, misshapen, contorted
Antonyms: smooth, unblemished, straight

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5
Q

Indemnity

A

(n.) a payment for damage or loss

A certain type of life insurance contract provides double indemnity for the accidental death of the policyholder.

Synonyms: compensation, reparation

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6
Q

Exult

A

(v.) to rejoice greatly

The campaign workers exult in the unexpected victory of their candidate.

Synonyms: revel, glory
Antonyms: mope, sulk, regret, rue, lament

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7
Q

Poignant

A

(adj.) deeply affecting, touching; keen or sharp in taste or smell

There is something truly poignant about the sight of falling leaves in autumn.

Synonyms: heartrending, melancholy
Antonyms: unaffecting, bland, vapid, insipid, funny

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8
Q

Allure

A

(v.) to entice, tempt; to be attractive to; (n.) a strong attraction; the power to attract, charm

Dreams of stardom allure many gifted young performers from all over the country to the bright lights of Broadway.

The lure of get-rich-quick schemes may lead people down the road to financial ruin.

Synonyms: (v.) beguile, tantalize; (n.) temptation, enticement
Antonyms: (v.) repel, turn off; (n.) repellent

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9
Q

Blithe

A

(adj.) cheerful, lighthearted; casual, unconcerned

It is difficult to deflate the blithe optimism of the young.

Synonyms: carefree, nonchalant, indifferent
Antonyms: glum, morose, despondent, depressed

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10
Q

Covet

A

(v.) to desire something belonging to another

Those who covet the good fortune of others are likely to be unhappy with the their own lot in life.

Synonyms: crave, yearn for, hunger for
Antonyms: disdain, scorn, despise

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11
Q

Disheveled

A

(adj.) rumpled, mussed; hanging in disorder

Most people look a little bit disheveled when they get up in the morning.

Synonyms: untidy, disarranged, tousled
Antonyms: tidy, well-groomed

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12
Q

Lamentable

A

(adj.) to be regretted or pitied

After a long, hard winter, city streets may be in a truly lamentable state of disrepair.

Synonyms: deplorable, regrettable, distressing
Antonyms: praiseworthy, commendable, laudable

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13
Q

Vanguard

A

(n.) the foremost part of an army; the leading position in any field

If a high-tech company is to survive in today’s marketplace, it must remain in the vanguard of innovation.

Synonyms: forefront, cutting edge, trailblazers
Antonyms: rear guard, stragglers, laggards

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14
Q

Wastrel

A

(n.) a wasteful person, spendthrift; a good-for-nothing

Many a novel has told the sorry tale of a charming but self-destructive wastrel.

Synonyms: loafer, idler, profligate
Antonyms: skinflint, tightwad

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15
Q

Respite

A

(n.) a period of relief or rest

A vacation provide a respite from the worries and responsibilities of everyday life.

Synonyms: interval, intermission, lull, breather

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16
Q

Misnomer

A

(n.) an unsuitable or misleading name

The term World Series is a misnomer because only North American teams participate in this annual event.

Synonyms: misnamed get, malapropism

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17
Q

Allude

A

(v.) to refer to casually or indirectly

In his speech, the candidate alludes to hide opponents’ section lack of military experience.

Synonyms: suggest, insinuate, intimate

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18
Q

Clairvoyant

A

(adj.) supernaturally perceptive; (n.) one who possesses extrasensory powers, seer

Few people are taken in by the clairvoyant pronouncements of fortune-tellers and mediums.

The police sometimes use clairvoyants to help them solve difficult missing-person cases.

Synonyms: (adj.) insightful, discerning, uncanny; (n.) visionary
Antonyms: (adj.) blind, unseeing, myopic, dense

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19
Q

Disreputable

A

(adj.) not respectable, not esteemed

Supermarket tabloids fluently publish stories about the disreputable behavior of celebrities.

Synonyms: disgraceful, discreditable, shady
Antonyms: honest, aboveboard, respectable, creditable

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20
Q

Endemic

A

(adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people; characteristic of or prevalent in a field

Scientists have yet to identify many plans and animal species endemic to the rain forests.

Synonyms: indigenous, restricted to
Antonyms: alien, foreign, extraneous

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21
Q

Placate

A

(v.) to appease, soothe, pacify

Sponsors of the controversial bill modified some of its original provisions in order to placate the opposition.

Synonyms: satisfy, mollify, allay, conciliate
Antonyms: vex, irk, provoke, exasperate, annoy

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22
Q

Guile

A

(n.) treacherous cunning, deceit

Folklore has it that a serpent’s most outstanding trait is guile, just as a fox’s is craftiness.

Synonyms: trickery, chicanery
Antonyms: candor, artlessness, naïveté, plain dealing

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23
Q

Fathom

A

(v.) to understand, get to the bottom of; to determine the depth of; (n.) a measure of depth in water

It is sometimes difficult to fathom the motives behind another person’s actions.

The great passenger liner Titanic still lies buried several thousand fathom beneath the ocean’s surface.

Synonyms: (v.) grasp, figure out, plumb

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24
Q

Obnoxious

A

(adj.) highly offensive, arousing strong dislike

The speeches Hitler delivered at the Nuremberg rallies were full of racial slurs and other obnoxious language.

Synonyms: disagreeable, repugnant, hateful, odious
Antonyms: agreeable, pleasing, engaging, personable

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25
Q

Placid

A

(adj.) calm, peaceful

There was no wind to disturb the placid surface of the lake.

Synonyms: undisturbed, tranquil, quiet, serene
Antonyms: stormy, agitated, turbulent, tempestuous

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26
Q

Potent

A

(adj.) powerful; highly effective

Music has been called the most potent agent for inducing people to forget their differences and live in harmony.

Synonyms: mighty, formidable, forceful
Antonyms: weak, inept, feckless, powerless, ineffective

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27
Q

Stark

A

(adj.) harsh, unrelieved, desolate; (adv.) utterly

Many a young idealist has found it difficult to accept the stark realities of life.

By the end of his brief reign, the Roman emperor Caligula was clearly stark raving mad.

Synonyms: (adj.) sheer, downright, grim, bleak; (adv.) absolutely
Antonyms: (adj.) bright, cheerful, embellished, ornate

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28
Q

Protrude

A

(v.) to stick out, thrust forth

Dentists commonly use various kinds of braces to correct the alignment of teeth that protrude or are crooked.

Synonyms: project, bulge

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29
Q

Superficial

A

(adj.) on or near the surface; concerns with or understanding only what is on the surface, shallow

A superficial analysis of a complex problem is not likely to produce a viable or long-lasting solution.

Synonyms: skin-deep, insubstantial, cursory, slapdash
Antonyms: deep, profound, thorough, exhaustive

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30
Q

August

A

(adj.) majestic, inspiring admiration and respect

The August visages of four of America’s great presidents are carved on the face of Mount Rushmore.

Synonyms: stately, dignified, exalted, venerable
Antonyms: humble, base, man, lowly, abject

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31
Q

Clandestine

A

(adj.) secret, concealed; underhanded

During the early ages of the American Revolution, clandestine colonial printing presses churned out quantities of anti-British propaganda.

Synonyms: covert, furtive, surreptitious, stealthy
Antonyms: open, overt, undisguised, aboveboard

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32
Q

Nocturnal

A

(adj.) of or occurring in the night; under cover of darkness

Most nocturnal creatures have keen eyesight and acute hearing.

Synonyms: nighttime
Antonyms: daytime, dinural

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33
Q

Elated

A

(adj., part.) in high spirits, jubilant; extremely pleased

Elated fans lined the city’s streets to cheer the World Series champions.

Synonyms: overjoyed, ecstatic, tickled pink
Antonyms: depressed, crestfallen, despondent, blue

34
Q

Indulgent

A

(adj.) yielding to the wishes or demands of others

A heightened sense of compassion has induced the federal government to adopt a more indulgent policy toward illegal aliens.

Synonyms: permissive, tolerant, liberal
Antonyms: strict, severe, hard-nosed

35
Q

Tacit

A

(adj.) unspoken, silent; implied, inferred

The neighbors had a tacit understanding that they would help each other in an emergency.

Synonyms: unexpressed, unvoiced, understood, implicit
Antonyms: explicit, express, specific

36
Q

Tangible

A

(adj.) capable of being touched; real, concrete

After months of intensive negotiation, diplomats reported that they had made tangible progress toward reaching a settlement of the bitter dispute.

Synonyms: perceptible, actual, evident
Antonyms: immaterial, imperceptible, insubstanial

37
Q

Quell

A

(v.) to subdue, put down forcibly

The English poet John Dryden believed that music has the power either to arouse or to quell strong emotions.

Synonyms: pacify, squelch, quash, crush
Antonyms: incite, provoke, arouse, foment, stir up

38
Q

Ruminate

A

(v.) to meditate, think about at length

In old age many people sadly ruminated on mistakes made and opportunities missed.

Synonyms: ponder, reflect, mull over, muse

39
Q

Decorum

A

(n.) proper behavior, good taste; orderliness

Legislative assemblies preserve decorum by operating under the rule parliamentary procedure.

Synonyms: seemliness, good form, propriety
Antonyms: impropriety, bad form, bad taste

40
Q

Duress

A

(n.) compulsion by threat; forcible confinement

Political prisoners are sometimes subjected to a mild form of duress called house arrest.

Antonyms: persuasion, coaxing, sweet talk, cajolery

41
Q

Innocuous

A

(adj.) harmless, unoffensive; insignificant

Conversation at a dinner party may sometimes be confined to pleasant and innocuous generalities.

Synonyms: feeble, impotent, unobjectionable, insipid
Antonyms: harmful, dangerous, pernicious, toxic, virulent

42
Q

Sedate

A

(adj.) quiet, settled, sober; (v.) to administer a tranquilizer

At concerts of classical music, audiences generally behave in a sedate and attentive manner.

A doctor may decide to sedate a patient who has suffered a severe emotional shock or physical injury.

Synonyms: (adj.) unruffled, composed, cool and collected
Antonyms: (adj.) loud, brash, flashy, flamboyant, garish, flighty

43
Q

Ultimatum

A

(n.) a final proposal or statement of conditions

As a strike deadline draws near, both labor and management can be expected to issue ultimatum.

Synonym: final terms

44
Q

Persuasive writing

A

It includes speeches and is intended to convince people to take a particular action or position.

45
Q

Speeches

A

Used in persuasive writing

46
Q

Arguments

A

Presented by persuasive writers. They are a series of logically linked ideas that support a conclusion, to defend their ideas.

47
Q

Rhetorical devices

A

Also used by persuasive writers. They are verbal techniques that create emphasis and appeal to emotions.

48
Q

Commonly used rhetorical devices

A

Repetition, parallelism, slogans and slows, rhetorical questions

49
Q

Repetition

A

The reuse of a key word or idea for emphasis

50
Q

Parallelism

A

Similar grammatical structures expressing related ideas

51
Q

Slogans and saws

A

Short, catchy phrases

52
Q

Rhetorical questions

A

Questions that are intended to have obvious answers; asked for effect

53
Q

What should you do when reading persuasive writing?

A

Evaluate the writer’s argument. Consider whether the writer supports claims with sound evidence and logical reasoning.

54
Q

Determine when persuasive techniques…

A

Are effectively used to enhance the impact of the supporting evidence and reasoning, and recognize when they are used to cover up a lack of logical support.

55
Q

Author’s purpose

A

His or her main reason for writing

56
Q

Rhetoric

A

The use of language to persuade readers and shape their views of the subject

57
Q

Point of view

A

The perspective from high a story is told.

58
Q

Types of perspectives/point of views

A

First-person point of view and third-person point of view

59
Q

First-person point of view

A

The narrator is one of the characters and refers to himself or herself with the pronouns I and me. One kind of first-person narrator is the naïve first-person narrator.

60
Q

Naïve first-person narrator

A

This narrator understands less about events in the story than the readers do. For example, if the narrator of a story is a five-year old, readers may have a clearer understanding of events in the story than does the child who describes them.

61
Q

Third-person point of view

A

The narrator does not participate in the action. Characters are referred to by the third-person pronouns he, she, him, her, they, and them. The narrator’s point of view may be omniscient, or it may be limited.

62
Q

Omniscient

A

All-knowing

63
Q

Limited

A

Restricted to the perceptions of a single character

64
Q

Dramatic irony

A

A contrast between what the readers know and what the narrator or character believes.

65
Q

Philosophical assumption

A

The writer’s basic beliefs about life

66
Q

Draw a conclusion

A

You reach a decision or form an opinion based on information in a text.

67
Q

Recognize key details

A

Recognize key details to draw a conclusion in deriving the theme of a work.

68
Q

Humorous essay

A

In a humorous essay, or speech, a writer presents a subject in an unexpected, amusing way. The writer may treat a serious situation lightly or a ridiculous situation seriously.

69
Q

Hyperbole

A

An exaggeration. A writer describes people, things, or events as if they were much more than they are.

70
Q

Understatement

A

A writer speaks of people, things, or events as if they were less important than they are.

71
Q

Satire

A

Humor used to point out the foolishness of a particular type of human behavior or of a particular institution. Mockery, ridicule, or sarcasm.

72
Q

Diction

A

Word choice. Another literary element that contributes to humor.

73
Q

Connotation

A

The set of ideas associated with it

74
Q

Denotation

A

A word’s definition

75
Q

Two quotes from Pride and Prejudice

A
  1. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. -Narrator
  2. I could easily forgive his pride, if he has not mortified mine. -Elizabeth

Extra: In vain I have struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you. -Darcy

76
Q

Two quotes from Oedipus the King

A
  1. What good were eyes to me? Nothing I could see could bring me joy. -Oedipus
  2. Drive me from here with all the speed you can to where I may not hear a human voice. -Oedipus

Extra: Look upon that last days always. Count no moral happy till he has passed the final limit of his life secure from pain. -Chorus

77
Q

Tone

A

The expression of the writer’s attitude toward his or her subject and reader.

78
Q

Symbolism

A

A writer’s use of symbols

79
Q

Symbol

A

A type of figurative language in which a character, a place, a thing, or an event in a literary work stands for a larger idea.

80
Q

Allegory

A

A story in which all characters, settings, events, and actions are clearly symbolic.

English (5 decks)

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