Engines & Systems Flashcards
What are the three types of fuselages?
Truss type, monocoque, semi-monocoque.
What are the two types of”truss types”?
A “warren” and “N” Girder.
One purpose of the dual ignition system on an aircraft engine is to provide for…
Improved engine performance.
What should be the first action after starting an aircraft engine?
Adjust for proper RPM and check for desired indications on the engine gauges.
Which of the three fuselages is the Cessna comprised of?
Semi-monocoque.
What is the firewall?
A stainless steel sheet that separates the engine compartment to the rest of the fuselage.
What are spars in a wing?
Bars that run from the root to the tip of the wing that carry most of the load in flight.
What do ribs do in a wing?
Give shape to a plane, runs front to back.
What are the three types of wing construction?
Truss-type, two-spar, web-ring wing.
What type of wing support system does a Cessna have?
Semi-cantilever wing.
What is the undercarriage?
The part of an aircraft that supports its weight on a surface (ex. landing gear, floats, etc.)
What is the purpose of an undercarriage?
To absorb the impact of the aircraft with a surface, and allows for maneuverability of an aircraft on the ground.
What are the four classifications of an undercarriage?
Tail dragger, float, tricycle grar and flying boat.
What are the three components of a disc brake?
Piston puck, revolving disc, brake pads.
What control system is used for the ailerons?
Torque tube.
What control system is used for the elevators?
Push/pull rod.
What control system is used for the rudder?
Cable & pulley.
What are the 5 stresses?
Compression, tension, shearing, bending, torsion.
What type of engine layout is in our C172/C152’s?
Horizontally-opposed engines.
What is the four-stroke cycle?
Intake, compression, ignition, exhaust. (suck, squeeze, bang, blow)
What are the four functions of oil?
cooling, sealing, lubrication, flushing.
What is mineral oil for?
No additives, used to break-in engine.
What is ashless dispersant?
Suspends contaminants; carbon, lead.
What does a turbocharger do?
Uses the energy of hot exhaust gases to power a compressor.
What colour of fuel is 80/87 octane?
Red.
What colour is 100LL (one-hundred low-lead)?
Blue.
What colour fuel is 100 (100/130)?
Green.
What colour fuel is Jet A1 fuel?
Clear or straw-coloured,
What are the two different sumps?
Dry sump and wet sump.
What is pre-ignition?
Combustion that begins before it is intended to, before the regular timed spark.
What is detonation?
Occurs when fuel to air mixture is subject to very high temperatures in the cylinder and combusts.
What is vapor-lock?
A condition, on warm days, where air enters the fuel system and may be impossible to start an engine.
When does carb icing occur?
On high moisture days, -5°C to 30°C.
What are the three types of carburetor icing?
Fuel vaporization, throttle ice, impact ice.
What does carb heat do?
Prevents ice build up in venturi, but also decreases engine performance.
What is the magnetos purpose?
Distributes the current to the spark plugs.
What is the magneto’s path to the spark plug?
Low, to high, to distributor, to spark plug.
What is the main function of a propeller?
To convert torque from the engine into thrust; which pushes air backwards.
Why is the propeller torqued?
Because the outer pert of the propeller blade spins faster, while the hub spins slower.
What is theoretical (geometric) pitch?
The distance the prop would travel if it was 100% efficient.
What is the practical pitch?
The distance the prop actually moves.
What is prop slip?
The difference in distance between theoretical and practical pitch.
What is coarse pitch?
Large angle (bigger bite of air); slower.
What is fine pitch?
Smaller angle (smaller bite of air); faster and less drag.
What is the purpose of the ammeter?
To measure the amount of current being used.
What are the two types of propellers?
Fixed pitch and variable pitch.
What are the three variable pitch types?
Adjustable, controllable, constant speed.
What instruments utilize a gyro?
Attitude indicator, heading indicator, and turn coordinator.
What items are connected to the vacuum system?
Attitiude and heading indicator.
When is carb icing at its worst?
-5°C to 15°C.
What is a disadvantages of a carburetor?
Lack of efficiency, float bowl is not suited to negative gravity (upside down), more prone to carb ice.
What are advantages of a carburetor?
Easier to start, reliable less maintenance.
What are advantages of fuel-injection?
Better efficiency, much more accurate, difficult to start engine due to vapor lock.
What are disadvantages of fuel-injection?
Sophisticated and costs much more.
Rudder control
Aileron Control
Elevator control
- Cable & pulley
- Torque tube
- Push/Pull rod
80/87
100LL
100 (100/130)
Jet A1
Red
Blue
Green
Clear/Straw
What is compression ratio?
The volume in the cylinder between the piston.
