Engines / APU Flashcards
ENG_001
(88) Descibe the indications that fuel heat is on:
• The blue L/R FUEL HEAT ON annunciator light(s) on OAP will illuminate. Fuel and oil temp. indications should also rise.
ENG_002
Explain what is indicated by the amber REVERSE UNLOCK light and the blue REVERSE THRUST light:
- L/R REVERSE THRUST Light (blue) - Illuminates when thrust reverser is fully extended.
- L/R REVERSE UNLOCK Light (amber) - Illuminates when thrust reverser is unlocked.
ENG_003
Understand the meaning of “ENG SYNC ON” OAP message:
Illuminates when LANDING GEAR handle is in the DOWN position and ENG SYNC selector is in N1 (88 and 90) or N2 (88 only) position.
(88, 90) MD-88 engine warm up procedure during cold weather operations.
MD-88
For 1st flight of the day w/ OAT ≤ -6°C (20°F):
- Start both engines to allow for full 5’ warm-up.
- Engine anti-ice on (regardless of environmental conditions).
- After warm-up is complete, advance both throttles to 1.2 EPR and check for normal EPR increase.
- If EPR indications are not approximately equal for both engines, allow engines to warm up for additional 2’
- Advance throttles again to check for normal EPR increase, and if still abnormal, contact MCC. Note: Failure to comply with above procedure may result in erroneous EPR indications on takeoff roll. If OAT ≤ -35°C (-30°F):
- Operate engine(s) at idle for 2’ before advancing throttle.
ENG_016
(90) Understand what conditions will cause an AUTO ABORT during automatic start on the MD-90:
- Normal mode performs AUTO ABORT for hot start, hung start, locked N1 rotor, ignition failure, electronic control lost, engine stall and EGT failure.
- Once N2 reaches 50%, the AUTO ABORT feature is inhibited.
NOTE: No AUTO ABORT is available for low oil pressure or high vibration.
ENG_009
Recall the required engine warm up period prior to T/O power application:
Start second engine in sufficient time (5 minutes minimum if possible if engine has been shut down more than 2 hours) to achieve 2 minutes at idle prior to takeoff.
ENG_010
Recall the required engine cool down time prior to engine shutdown:
Engines require a three minute cool down prior to shutdown.
ENG_005
Recall the function of the fuel heat switch:
- OFF - Removes power from fuel heat circuit following completion of fuel heat cycle.
- ON - (Momentary) Timer is energized for one minute. Respective fuel heat valve opens, supplying high stage bleed air to the air/fuel heat exchanger.
- Fuel heat is not installed on the MD-90.
ENG_006
(90) Understand what automatically occurs with APU pneumatics when a L/R TAIL TEMP HIGH light illuminates:
• APU pneumatic duct depressurizes automatically on L/R TAIL TEMP HIGH light
ENG_007
(90) Understand the engine vibration display:
Engine vibration displays show vibration level from 0 to 9.9 (normal range is approximately 0.0 to 4.0).
ENG_008
Identify the conditions that would lead to MANUAL ABORTED START (assumes a manual start on the MD-90) for both MD-88/90?
MD-88/MD-90:
- No N2 rotation
- No oil pressure prior to 20% N2
- Rapid EGT rise toward limit.
MD-88 only:
- No N1 rotation prior to 20% N2
- No fuel flow or EGT rise within 20 seconds after placing fuel lever ON.
- Hung start (N2 fails to increase above 42%).
- Fuel flow digits are flashing combined with one or move of the abormal engine indications listed above.
MD-90 only:
- No N1 rotation prior to 32% N2.
- No EGT rise within 20 seconds after fuel flow.
- Engine vibrations above 4.0.
ENG_004
Recall the required engine warm up procedure during cold weather operations.
MD-88 - for first flight of the day with OAT at or below -6C (20F):
- Start both engines to allow for full 5 minute warm-up.
- Engine anti-ice on (regardless of environmental conditions).
- After warm-up is complete, advance both throttles to 1.2 EPR and check for normal EPR increase.
- If EPR indications are not approximately equal for both engines, allow engines to warm up for 2 additional minutes.
- Advance throttles again to check for normal EPR increase, and if still abnormal, contact MCC.
Note: Failure to comply with the above procedure may result in erroneous EPR indications on takeoff roll.
If OAT is -35C (-30) or colder;
- Operate the engine(s) at idle for two minutes before advancing throttle.
MD-90
- Minimum oil temp before advancing throttle above idle is -10°C.
- Oil temp. must reach 50°C before takeoff.
NOTE (MD-90): Oil temp readout will momentarily flash when engine oil temperature < -10°C and throttle is moved above idle.
ENG_011
Recall max APU start and operating altitude: MD-88 / 90
MD-88
- Max altitude for electric start: FL 370
- Max altitude for windmill start: FL 300
- Max operating altitude is FL 370
MD-90
- Max altitude for electric start: FL 350 (All APU starts are electric)
ENG_012
Describe when FUEL control lever / FUEL switch should be placed to ON during an engine start:
MD-88
- Put FUEL lever ON at max motoring rpm (usually 22-24% N2) with EGT below 100°C. Minimum N2 for FUEL lever ON is 20%.
MD-90
- Put FUEL switch ON at max motoring RPM (usually 25-26% N2) with EGT below 250. • Min N2 for FUEL switch ON is 15%. Fuel flow will not begin until 30 sec. after start valve has opened.
ENG_013
Recall max altitude to use APU electrics:
- MD-88: FL 370
- MD-90: FL 370
ENG_014
Recall max altitude to use APU Pneumatics:
MD-88
- In flight, APU is used for electrical power only.
MD-90
- Can supply pneumatics up to 20,000 feet.
ENG_015
Recall the minimum oil quantities for dispatch at maintenance and non-maintenance stations:
MD-88
- At a non-maintenance station: 8 qts.
- At a maintenance station: 12 qts.
MD-90
- At a non-maintenance station: 12 quarts.
- At a maintenance station: 16 quarts.
- After engine start: 8 quarts.
ENG_017
(88) Describe the function of the MAN EPR SET Knobs:
- Pull knob and rotate to set desired EPR in CMD EPR readout. EPR reference bug will move to corresponding value on EPR indicator.
- When knob is pushed in CMD EPR Readout will blank, EPR reference bug will move to EPR value set with TRP.
ENG_018
Describe the function of the ENG SYNC Selector:
MD-88
- N1 - Left engine N1 is matched to right engine N1 (rpm)
- N2 - Left engine N2 is matched to right engine N2 (rpm)
- OFF - EPR synchronization is available. N1 and N2 synchronization is disabled.
MD-90
- OFF - (EPR sync selected) System matches left engine EPR command to the right engine’s.
- N1 - (N1 sync selected) The system matches left engine N1 to the right engine’s.
ENG_019
Positions and function of ENG IGN switch.
MD-88
SYS A - Selects igniter A with fuel control lever ON.
SYS B - Selects igniter B with fuel control lever ON.
OFF - Removes power from all igniters.
BOTH - Provides power all igniters with fuel ctrl lever ON.
OVRD - Provides power to igniters in both engines, bypassing fuel control levers.
MD-90
AUTO - (Normal) Ignition functions controlled by the EEC (auto-abort available). AUTO position automatically alternates between A and B systems for normal engine starts or provides dual ignition for T/O, approach, engine anti-ice ON, sub-idle (N2) conditions, engine surge and throttle past frangible gate.
ON - EEC continuously powers both igniters (auto-abort not available).
ENG_020
(90) Understand the operation of normal / emergency reverse thrust on the MD-90:
- The MD-90 is equipped with cascade-type reversers.
- Activation of reverse thrust above 60 kts provides max of 1.30 EPR.
- Activation of reverse thrust below 60 knots provides max of 1.07 EPR.
- If initiated above 60 kts, pulling reverse thrust levers past Overrated Thrust (ORT) gate activates emergency reverse thrust increasing reverse thrust an additional 10%.
NOTE: Use of emergency reverse thrust generates an “ENGINE SYSTEM FAIL” message on the OAP and necessitates an engine inspection prior to subsequent operation.
ENG_021
(88) Understand the function of the FUEL Control Levers on the MD-88:
- ON - Normally completes ignition circuit, then turns on fuel.
- OFF - Shuts off fuel, then ignition.
ENG_028
(90) Understand the function of MD-90 FUEL Control Switches on the MD-90:
- ON – Allows EEC to open fuel valve at fuel metering unit
- OFF- EEC closes fuel valve
NOTE: Fuel flow will not begin until 30 seconds after the start valve has opened.
ENG_022
Recall the function/indications of the TEST Button on the Thrust Rating Panel (TRP):
Pushing button causes following readout displays:
- RAT: Displays 12° ± 1
- EPR LIMIT: Displays 2.08 ±.01.
- All lights on panel should be extinguished. When button is released - RAT readout shows ambient temperature - EPR readout will display dashes. - NO MODE light should be illuminated.
NOTE: There is no test on the MD-90 TRP.
ENG_023
Recall the function of the NO MODE Annunciator Light (amber) on the Thrust Rating Panel (TRP):
Indicates one of the following conditions:
- No selection made since initial power up or power interruption.
- An abnormal engine bleed configuration exists for the mode selected.
MD-88 only
- No selection made since TRP was tested.
- T.O. flex selected and ART switch is not OFF.
ENG_024
(88) Recall the abnormal bleed configurations that cause a NO MODE Annunciator Light (amber) on the Thrust Rating Panel (TRP):
- Airfoil ice protection on and one or both pneumatic crossfeeds open and engine anti-ice off
- T.O. or T.O. FLX selected, engine anti-ice on, RAT greater than 10° C
- GA selected, engine anti-ice on, RAT greater than 14° C
- MCT selected, airfoil ice protection on, both pneumatic crossfeeds open
- CL selected, airfoil ice protection on, and one pneumatic crossfeed open.
- MCT, CL, or CR selected with both packs off.
ENG_025
(90) Recall the functions/indications of the N1 Mode on the MD-90:
- DEFAULT N1 mode operation occurs when EEC is not able to measure or control thrust using a valid EPR. The respective N1 MODE select switch illuminates DEFAULT.
- SELECTED N1 mode operation is obtained by either pressing respective N1 MODE select switch, pushing throttle levers beyond overrated thrust gate, or by utilizing emergency reverse thrust. Respective N1 MODE select switch illuminates SELECT.
- When an engine is in N1 mode, full throttle can cause EEC to control engine at a thrust level in excess of that allowed by max EPR limit. In this mode, overspeed protection is provided but EGT must be monitored to insure that EGT limits are not exceeded.
- Engine may be returned to EPR mode by retarding throttle levers below the overrated thrust gate and pressing N1 MODE select switch to extinguish the DEFAULT or SELECT indication.
NOTE: Autothrottles are not available when engine(s) are in N1 mode.
ENG_026
Recall the function of the APU AIR Switch in the AIR COND COLDER position:
The turbine bypass valves close, resulting in increased differential pressure across the air conditioning turbine to provide colder air, but at a reduced volume.
Note - Do not use this position with the engine(s) running.
ENG_027
Recall when APU bleed air is available:
MD-88
- After start, a 60 sec warm-up will occur.
- During shutdown a 60 sec cool-down will occur.
- During warm-up and cool-down periods APU bleed air not available
MD-90
- No warm-up needed prior to using pneumatic air.
- NOTE: During MD-90 ground operation, moving the APU AIR Switch to ON will open ram door. When open, ram door extends even with tail skid. Moving APU AIR Switch to OFF retracts ram door, preventing ram door damage in event of tail skid strike during takeoff rotation or ldg flare.*
ENG_029
(88) Understand the function of the Automatic Reserve Thrust (ART) System on the MD-88:
- The ART system provides an increase in thrust with an engine failure or a windshear encounter.
- If either condition occurs during a normal power takeoff the operating engine(s) will automatically advance to MAX thrust.
ENG_030
(88) Recall the conditions under which the ART system activates:
The ART (auto reserve thrust) system activated when:
- There is a 30% differential in N1
- Windshear is detected
- The selected DFCG fails
- DFGC’s are manually switched
- N1 input fails.
ENG_031
(88) Recall the indications associated with ART system activation:
- Thrust on the operating engine(s) increases to maximum takeoff thrust and the throttles do not move.
- The amber ART light is illuminated.
- Maximum takeoff EPR is displayed in the EPR LIMIT readouts on the engine display panel.
ENG_032
(88) Recall the meaning of OAP message ART INOP:
- System has failed self-test
- ART switch is in OFF position. The OFF position is used when accomplishing an alternate (flex power) or maximum power takeoff (anything other than a normal power takeoff).
