Engines / APU

Question 1

ENG_001

(88) Descibe the indications that fuel heat is on:

Answer 1

• The blue L/R FUEL HEAT ON annunciator light(s) on OAP will illuminate. Fuel and oil temp. indications should also rise.

Question 2

ENG_002

Explain what is indicated by the amber REVERSE UNLOCK light and the blue REVERSE THRUST light:

Answer 2

• L/R REVERSE THRUST Light (blue) - Illuminates when thrust reverser is fully extended.
• L/R REVERSE UNLOCK Light (amber) - Illuminates when thrust reverser is unlocked.

Question 3

ENG_003

Understand the meaning of “ENG SYNC ON” OAP message:

Answer 3

Illuminates when LANDING GEAR handle is in the DOWN position and ENG SYNC selector is in N1 (88 and 90) or N2 (88 only) position.

Question 4

(88, 90) MD-88 engine warm up procedure during cold weather operations.

Answer 4

MD-88

For 1st flight of the day w/ OAT ≤ -6°C (20°F):

• Start both engines to allow for full 5’ warm-up.
• Engine anti-ice on (regardless of environmental conditions).
• After warm-up is complete, advance both throttles to 1.2 EPR and check for normal EPR increase.
• If EPR indications are not approximately equal for both engines, allow engines to warm up for additional 2’
• Advance throttles again to check for normal EPR increase, and if still abnormal, contact MCC. Note: Failure to comply with above procedure may result in erroneous EPR indications on takeoff roll. If OAT ≤ -35°C (-30°F):
• Operate engine(s) at idle for 2’ before advancing throttle.

Question 5

ENG_016

(90) Understand what conditions will cause an AUTO ABORT during automatic start on the MD-90:

Answer 5

• Normal mode performs AUTO ABORT for hot start, hung start, locked N1 rotor, ignition failure, electronic control lost, engine stall and EGT failure.
• Once N2 reaches 50%, the AUTO ABORT feature is inhibited.

NOTE: No AUTO ABORT is available for low oil pressure or high vibration.

Question 6

ENG_009

Recall the required engine warm up period prior to T/O power application:

Answer 6

Start second engine in sufficient time (5 minutes minimum if possible if engine has been shut down more than 2 hours) to achieve 2 minutes at idle prior to takeoff.

Question 7

ENG_010

Recall the required engine cool down time prior to engine shutdown:

Answer 7

Engines require a three minute cool down prior to shutdown.

Question 8

ENG_005

Recall the function of the fuel heat switch:

Answer 8

• OFF - Removes power from fuel heat circuit following completion of fuel heat cycle.
• ON - (Momentary) Timer is energized for one minute. Respective fuel heat valve opens, supplying high stage bleed air to the air/fuel heat exchanger.
• Fuel heat is not installed on the MD-90.

Question 9

ENG_006

(90) Understand what automatically occurs with APU pneumatics when a L/R TAIL TEMP HIGH light illuminates:

Answer 9

• APU pneumatic duct depressurizes automatically on L/R TAIL TEMP HIGH light

Question 10

ENG_007

(90) Understand the engine vibration display:

Answer 10

Engine vibration displays show vibration level from 0 to 9.9 (normal range is approximately 0.0 to 4.0).

Question 11

ENG_008

Identify the conditions that would lead to MANUAL ABORTED START (assumes a manual start on the MD-90) for both MD-88/90?

Answer 11

MD-88/MD-90:

• No N2 rotation
• No oil pressure prior to 20% N2
• Rapid EGT rise toward limit.

MD-88 only:

• No N1 rotation prior to 20% N2
• No fuel flow or EGT rise within 20 seconds after placing fuel lever ON.
• Hung start (N2 fails to increase above 42%).
• Fuel flow digits are flashing combined with one or move of the abormal engine indications listed above.

MD-90 only:

• No N1 rotation prior to 32% N2.
• No EGT rise within 20 seconds after fuel flow.
• Engine vibrations above 4.0.

Question 12

ENG_004

Recall the required engine warm up procedure during cold weather operations.

Answer 12

MD-88 - for first flight of the day with OAT at or below -6C (20F):

• Start both engines to allow for full 5 minute warm-up.
• Engine anti-ice on (regardless of environmental conditions).
• After warm-up is complete, advance both throttles to 1.2 EPR and check for normal EPR increase.
• If EPR indications are not approximately equal for both engines, allow engines to warm up for 2 additional minutes.
• Advance throttles again to check for normal EPR increase, and if still abnormal, contact MCC.

Note: Failure to comply with the above procedure may result in erroneous EPR indications on takeoff roll.

If OAT is -35C (-30) or colder;

• Operate the engine(s) at idle for two minutes before advancing throttle.

MD-90

• Minimum oil temp before advancing throttle above idle is -10°C.
• Oil temp. must reach 50°C before takeoff.

NOTE (MD-90): Oil temp readout will momentarily flash when engine oil temperature < -10°C and throttle is moved above idle.

Question 13

ENG_011

Recall max APU start and operating altitude: MD-88 / 90

Answer 13

MD-88

• Max altitude for electric start: FL 370
• Max altitude for windmill start: FL 300
• Max operating altitude is FL 370

MD-90

• Max altitude for electric start: FL 350 (All APU starts are electric)

Question 14

ENG_012

Describe when FUEL control lever / FUEL switch should be placed to ON during an engine start:

Answer 14

MD-88

• Put FUEL lever ON at max motoring rpm (usually 22-24% N2) with EGT below 100°C. Minimum N2 for FUEL lever ON is 20%.

MD-90

• Put FUEL switch ON at max motoring RPM (usually 25-26% N2) with EGT below 250. • Min N2 for FUEL switch ON is 15%. Fuel flow will not begin until 30 sec. after start valve has opened.

Question 15

ENG_013

Recall max altitude to use APU electrics:

Answer 15

• MD-88: FL 370
• MD-90: FL 370

Question 16

ENG_014

Recall max altitude to use APU Pneumatics:

Answer 16

MD-88

• In flight, APU is used for electrical power only.

MD-90

• Can supply pneumatics up to 20,000 feet.

Question 17

ENG_015

Recall the minimum oil quantities for dispatch at maintenance and non-maintenance stations:

Answer 17

MD-88

• At a non-maintenance station: 8 qts.
• At a maintenance station: 12 qts.

MD-90

• At a non-maintenance station: 12 quarts.
• At a maintenance station: 16 quarts.
• After engine start: 8 quarts.

Question 18

ENG_017

(88) Describe the function of the MAN EPR SET Knobs:

Answer 18

• Pull knob and rotate to set desired EPR in CMD EPR readout. EPR reference bug will move to corresponding value on EPR indicator.
• When knob is pushed in CMD EPR Readout will blank, EPR reference bug will move to EPR value set with TRP.

Question 19

ENG_018

Describe the function of the ENG SYNC Selector:

Answer 19

MD-88

• N1 - Left engine N1 is matched to right engine N1 (rpm)
• N2 - Left engine N2 is matched to right engine N2 (rpm)
• OFF - EPR synchronization is available. N1 and N2 synchronization is disabled.

MD-90

• OFF - (EPR sync selected) System matches left engine EPR command to the right engine’s.
• N1 - (N1 sync selected) The system matches left engine N1 to the right engine’s.

Question 20

ENG_019

Positions and function of ENG IGN switch.

Answer 20

MD-88

SYS A - Selects igniter A with fuel control lever ON.

SYS B - Selects igniter B with fuel control lever ON.

OFF - Removes power from all igniters.

BOTH - Provides power all igniters with fuel ctrl lever ON.

OVRD - Provides power to igniters in both engines, bypassing fuel control levers.

MD-90

AUTO - (Normal) Ignition functions controlled by the EEC (auto-abort available). AUTO position automatically alternates between A and B systems for normal engine starts or provides dual ignition for T/O, approach, engine anti-ice ON, sub-idle (N2) conditions, engine surge and throttle past frangible gate.

ON - EEC continuously powers both igniters (auto-abort not available).

Question 21

ENG_020

(90) Understand the operation of normal / emergency reverse thrust on the MD-90:

Answer 21

• The MD-90 is equipped with cascade-type reversers.
• Activation of reverse thrust above 60 kts provides max of 1.30 EPR.
• Activation of reverse thrust below 60 knots provides max of 1.07 EPR.
• If initiated above 60 kts, pulling reverse thrust levers past Overrated Thrust (ORT) gate activates emergency reverse thrust increasing reverse thrust an additional 10%.

NOTE: Use of emergency reverse thrust generates an “ENGINE SYSTEM FAIL” message on the OAP and necessitates an engine inspection prior to subsequent operation.

Question 22

ENG_021

(88) Understand the function of the FUEL Control Levers on the MD-88:

Answer 22

• ON - Normally completes ignition circuit, then turns on fuel.
• OFF - Shuts off fuel, then ignition.

Question 23

ENG_028

(90) Understand the function of MD-90 FUEL Control Switches on the MD-90:

Answer 23

• ON – Allows EEC to open fuel valve at fuel metering unit
• OFF- EEC closes fuel valve

NOTE: Fuel flow will not begin until 30 seconds after the start valve has opened.

Question 24

ENG_022

Recall the function/indications of the TEST Button on the Thrust Rating Panel (TRP):

Answer 24

Pushing button causes following readout displays:

• RAT: Displays 12° ± 1
• EPR LIMIT: Displays 2.08 ±.01.
• All lights on panel should be extinguished. When button is released - RAT readout shows ambient temperature - EPR readout will display dashes. - NO MODE light should be illuminated.

NOTE: There is no test on the MD-90 TRP.

Question 25

ENG_023

Recall the function of the NO MODE Annunciator Light (amber) on the Thrust Rating Panel (TRP):

Answer 25

Indicates one of the following conditions:

• No selection made since initial power up or power interruption.
• An abnormal engine bleed configuration exists for the mode selected.

MD-88 only

• No selection made since TRP was tested.
• T.O. flex selected and ART switch is not OFF.

Question 26

ENG_024

(88) Recall the abnormal bleed configurations that cause a NO MODE Annunciator Light (amber) on the Thrust Rating Panel (TRP):

Answer 26

• Airfoil ice protection on and one or both pneumatic crossfeeds open and engine anti-ice off
• T.O. or T.O. FLX selected, engine anti-ice on, RAT greater than 10° C
• GA selected, engine anti-ice on, RAT greater than 14° C
• MCT selected, airfoil ice protection on, both pneumatic crossfeeds open
• CL selected, airfoil ice protection on, and one pneumatic crossfeed open.
• MCT, CL, or CR selected with both packs off.

Question 27

ENG_025

(90) Recall the functions/indications of the N1 Mode on the MD-90:

Answer 27

• DEFAULT N1 mode operation occurs when EEC is not able to measure or control thrust using a valid EPR. The respective N1 MODE select switch illuminates DEFAULT.
• SELECTED N1 mode operation is obtained by either pressing respective N1 MODE select switch, pushing throttle levers beyond overrated thrust gate, or by utilizing emergency reverse thrust. Respective N1 MODE select switch illuminates SELECT.
• When an engine is in N1 mode, full throttle can cause EEC to control engine at a thrust level in excess of that allowed by max EPR limit. In this mode, overspeed protection is provided but EGT must be monitored to insure that EGT limits are not exceeded.
• Engine may be returned to EPR mode by retarding throttle levers below the overrated thrust gate and pressing N1 MODE select switch to extinguish the DEFAULT or SELECT indication.

NOTE: Autothrottles are not available when engine(s) are in N1 mode.

Question 28

ENG_026

Recall the function of the APU AIR Switch in the AIR COND COLDER position:

Answer 28

The turbine bypass valves close, resulting in increased differential pressure across the air conditioning turbine to provide colder air, but at a reduced volume.

Note - Do not use this position with the engine(s) running.

Question 29

ENG_027

Recall when APU bleed air is available:

Answer 29

MD-88

• After start, a 60 sec warm-up will occur.
• During shutdown a 60 sec cool-down will occur.
• During warm-up and cool-down periods APU bleed air not available

MD-90

• No warm-up needed prior to using pneumatic air.
• NOTE: During MD-90 ground operation, moving the APU AIR Switch to ON will open ram door. When open, ram door extends even with tail skid. Moving APU AIR Switch to OFF retracts ram door, preventing ram door damage in event of tail skid strike during takeoff rotation or ldg flare.*

Question 30

ENG_029

(88) Understand the function of the Automatic Reserve Thrust (ART) System on the MD-88:

Answer 30

• The ART system provides an increase in thrust with an engine failure or a windshear encounter.
• If either condition occurs during a normal power takeoff the operating engine(s) will automatically advance to MAX thrust.

Question 31

ENG_030

(88) Recall the conditions under which the ART system activates:

Answer 31

The ART (auto reserve thrust) system activated when:

• There is a 30% differential in N1
• Windshear is detected
• The selected DFCG fails
• DFGC’s are manually switched
• N1 input fails.

Question 32

ENG_031

(88) Recall the indications associated with ART system activation:

Answer 32

• Thrust on the operating engine(s) increases to maximum takeoff thrust and the throttles do not move.
• The amber ART light is illuminated.
• Maximum takeoff EPR is displayed in the EPR LIMIT readouts on the engine display panel.

Question 33

ENG_032

(88) Recall the meaning of OAP message ART INOP:

Answer 33

• System has failed self-test
• ART switch is in OFF position. The OFF position is used when accomplishing an alternate (flex power) or maximum power takeoff (anything other than a normal power takeoff).