Enginerring liver tissue- lucky dip Flashcards
What is the efficacy of HSCT compared to DMTs in treating MS?
Burt et al., 2019 showed promising results for HSCT in treating relapsing-remitting MS. The study found that disease progression (EDSS score increase of ≥1.0) occurred in significantly fewer patients in the HSCT group compared to the DMT group. Additionally, the HSCT group experienced a much lower relapse rate and a higher proportion of patients with no evidence of disease activity over five years.
How are stem cells being used to create an implantable liver tissue?
Researchers are using pluripotent stem cells, both embryonic and induced, to generate functional liver tissue for transplantation. These cells are differentiated into hepatocytes and endothelial cells, which then self-assemble into vascularized liver spheres. These spheres can be attached to a biocompatible scaffold to create an implantable liver construct.
What are some applications of human stem cell-derived hepatocytes?
Stem cell-derived hepatocytes offer diverse applications in research and medicine. They are used for drug metabolism studies, and modeling liver diseases like fatty liver disease. They are also employed in microRNA regulation studies, fluidic systems for perfusion analysis, genome editing for precision mutation analysis, and investigations of fetal liver biology.
How are stem cells being used to treat age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?
da Cruz et al., 2018 are exploring the use of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (hESC-RPE) for treating AMD. Pre-clinical studies in animals demonstrated the safety and efficacy of transplanting these cells, showing integration and functionality. A Phase 1 clinical trial has been conducted with hESC-RPE patches implanted in patients with wet AMD, showing promising results with improved visual acuity and retinal sensitivity.
What is the safety profile of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) therapy for neurological disorders?
Shroff et al., 2017 examined the safety of hESC therapy in 33 patients with various terminal conditions, including neurological disorders. The study found no serious adverse events (SAEs) reported during the treatment period, suggesting a good safety profile for this therapy. However, long-term follow-up studies are needed to assess the potential for delayed adverse effects.
What are the advantages of using dental stem cells (DSCs) in research?
DSCs include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells, dental follicle stem cells, stem cells from the apical papilla, and gingival stem cells
- easily accessible, as teeth are often extracted for orthodontic reasons
- relatively easy to isolate
- have a good capacity to differentiate into various cell types, including osteoblasts, odontoblasts, chondrocytes, and potentially even myocytes and hepatocytes
Deszcz 2023
Explain how researchers are refining their liver tissue engineering process to create vascularized liver spheres.
Deszcz 2023: The researchers are combining hepatocytes and endothelial cells in micro-wells, allowing them to self-assemble into spheres. Within these spheres, endothelial cells form tube-like structures, suggesting early vascularization.
Describe the potential of iPSC-derived CMs in disease modeling and drug discovery.
iPSC-derived CMs offer personalized in vitro disease models, especially for inherited cardiac diseases like arrhythmogenic syndromes and channelopathies. This enables more accurate drug testing and development of personalized therapies.
What were the key findings of the clinical trial using hESC-derived RPE for the treatment of AMD?
da Cruz et al., 2018 showed successful delivery and integration of the hESC-derived RPE patch in patients with AMD. Some patients experienced improvement in visual acuity and reading speed, and the patch appeared safe and well-tolerated over 12 months. Further research is needed to confirm long-term safety and efficacy.
