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CIVE1260 Engineering Surveying and Construction Technology > Engineering Surveying Week 3 > Flashcards

Engineering Surveying Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is direct distance measurement?

A
  • Simple measurement using steel and fibreglass tapes
  • 50m is most common length
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2
Q

When measuring slope distance what 4 corrections may need to be made to convert it to horizontal distance D?

A
  1. Slope (FOR ALL TAPES)
  2. Standardisation (FOR ALL TAPES)
  3. Tension (JUST FOR STEEL TAPES)
  4. Temperature (JUST FOR STEEL TAPES)
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3
Q

What is the formula for slope correction if angle theta is known?

A

Slope correction = - L(1 - cosθ)

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4
Q

What is the formula for slope correction if change in height is known?

A

Slope correction = -(ΔH2/2L)

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5
Q

What is the formula for standardisation correction?

A

Standardisation correction = L(l’ - l)/l

L = recorded length of a line
l = nominal tape length (e.g. 30m)
l’ = standardised tape length (e.g. 30.012m)
NB This correction can be +ve or -ve

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6
Q

What is the formula for tension correction?

A

Tension correction = L(TF - TS)/AE

L = recorded length of a line
TF = tension applied to the tape (N)
TS = standard calibration tension (N)
A = cross-sectional area of the tape (mm2)
E = modulus of elasticity for the tape material (N/mm2)
NB Tension correction can be +ve or -ve

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7
Q

What is the formula for temperature correction?

A

Temperature correction = ∝L(tF - tS)

∝ = coefficient of expansion of the tape material (0.0000112
per °C for steel)
be L = recorded length of a line
tF = mean field temperature (°C)
tS = standard calibration temperature
NB Temperature correction can +ve or -ve

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8
Q

What is the whole correction formula for direct distance measurement?

A
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9
Q

Which for of direct distance measurement has the best accuracy?

A
  • Fibre glass tapes have 1:1000 accuracy if standardisation and slope applied
  • Steel tapes have 1:5000 accuracy if standardisation and slope applied
  • Steel tapes have 1:20000 accuracy if temp and tension also applied
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10
Q

How does electromagnetic distance measurement work?

A
  • Uses phase measurement or time pulsed method to calculate 2L
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11
Q

What is the formula for the phase measurement method?

A
  • 2L = nλ + Δλ
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12
Q

What is the formula for the time pulsed method?

A
  • 2L = v.t
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13
Q

How do you calculate D and V in EDM?

A
  • D = L cos θ
  • V = L sin θ
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14
Q

How do you calculate the reduced level using EDM?

A
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15
Q

What are the three types of control network?

A
  1. Horizontal - Only plan positions known
  2. Vertical - Only RLs known
  3. Combined - Plan positions and RLs known
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16
Q

How are horizontal control networks defined?

A
  • Rectangular coords based on origin and a grid
17
Q

How are vertical control networks defined?

A
  • Points are defined by their reduced levels relative to a datum
18
Q

What is traversing?

A
  • Establishing coords of control stations for use later in surveying
19
Q

What are the two types of traverse?

A
  1. Closed polygon, Loop or Ring traverses
  2. Closed link or route traverses
20
Q

What do closed polygon traverses do?

A
  • Start and finish at the same point
21
Q

What do closed link traverses do?

A
  • Start and finish at different known points
22
Q

What are bearings?

A
  • Angle measured from north around to line
23
Q

What are the different type of Norths and which one is used most commonly in engineering surveying?

A
  1. True North
  2. Magnetic North
  3. Arbitrary North (MOST COMMONLY USED)
24
Q

Which angle do we measure when traversing?

A
  • Left hand angles (on the left as measuring the traverse
  • Hence we should work anticlockwise from starting position
25
Q

What are the two types of coordinates and what do they involve?

A
  1. Polar coordinates - involve bearings and distances
  2. Rectangular coordinates - involve Eastings and Northings
26
Q

How do we convert polar too rectangular coordinates?

A
  • Trigonometry
  • or by P → R key on calculator (Input Rec(r , θ)
27
Q

Learn this example of how we convert polar to rectangular coords via trigonometry

A
28
Q

How do we convert rectangular to polar coordinates?

A
  1. By Quadrants
  2. By R → P key on calculator (Input Polar(x , y))

CIVE1260 Engineering Surveying and Construction Technology (5 decks)

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