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Year 11 > Engineering Studies > Flashcards

Engineering Studies Flashcards

1
Q

Newton’s 3 Laws

A
  1. A body will remain at rest or at constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
  2. F = ma
  3. every action has an equal and opposite reaction
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2
Q

Strength of a material

A

The ability to withstand applied loads without failure. Strength varies according to the type of load, tensile, compressive, shear or torsional

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3
Q

Hardness of a material

A

the ability to resist scratching, abrasion, indentation.

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4
Q

Elasticity of a material

A

the ability to resist elastic deformation under load. measured using Young’s modulus

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5
Q

Plasticity of a material

A

the ability to undergo some degree of permanent deformation without rupture.

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6
Q

Malleability of a material

A

the ability to be hammered and rolled rolled into thin sheets

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7
Q

Ductility of a material

A

ability to be drawn out into thin wire

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8
Q

Fatigue of a material

A

tendency to break when subjected to repeated cyclic loading where the induced stress is well below the elastic limit

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9
Q

Notch toughness

A

amount of energy required to cause failure

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10
Q

porosity

A

amount of voids or pores that a material has

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11
Q

Moisture content

A

amount of moisture present in the structure of a material

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12
Q

Thermal conductivity

A

ability of a material to conduct heat

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13
Q

Heat resistance

A

determined by melting point of a material, and how stable it is at elevated temperatures

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14
Q

Electrical conductivity

A

ability to conduct electricity

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15
Q

What are semiconductors

A

materials manufactured to be poor conductors. they allow small amounts of current to flow through them and are the basis for most modern electrical components

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16
Q

What is magnetism

A

result of unpaired electrons in metals

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17
Q

Diamagnetic magnetism

A

found in materials that are ionic and molecular materials

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18
Q

Paramagnetic magnetism

A

found in materials with a single valence electron

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19
Q

Ferromagnetic magnetism

A

found in materials which have large amounts of unpaired electrons and can become permanent magnets

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20
Q

Atomic Structure

A

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

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21
Q

Ionic bonding

A

involves the transfer of one or more electrons. donor loses its valence electron while recipient fills outer shell. Imbalance of charge cause them to attract each other

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22
Q

Covalent Bonding

A

atoms share valence electrons so at any one time each atom has a full outer shell. Act as insulators due to lack of free electrons

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23
Q

Metallic Bonding

A

Valence electrons condense to form a ‘cloud’ or ‘sea’ of electrons. As a result atoms become positive ions. Ions then repel each other but kept in place by the attraction to the electron cloud. Bond has free electrons, therefore good electrical conductors

24
Q

Van der Waal’s forces

A

fluctuating dipoles as result of uneven distribution of charges in covalent compounds causing a slightly positive and slightly negative end

25
Q

Polymorphism

A

materials that can exist in more than one crystal structure

26
Q

BCC

A

body centred cubic. High strength, toughness and ductility

27
Q

FCC

A

face centred cubic. excellent conductivity and ductility. used for jewellery and electrical wiring

28
Q

HCP

A

Hexagonal close packed.

29
Q

Amorphous

A

Non-crystalline materials

30
Q

Ferrous Metals and alloys

A

metals and alloys where iron is the primary constituent

31
Q

Stainless Steel

A

Ferrous Alloys with at least 10% chromium added. the chromium reacts with oxygen to form a chromium oxide layer that prevents the ferrous alloy from corroding further.

32
Q

Non-ferrous metals and alloys

A

Metals and alloys in which iron is not the main constituent

33
Q

Copper

A

Non-ferrous metal is used extensively in electrical fields due to its high electrical conductivity. High ductility, malleability and good corrosion resistance. Used in electrical wiring, electrical contacts and the wiring in electric motor armatures and rotors.

34
Q

Brass

A

an alloy of copper and zinc. All brasses are corrosion-resistant and are used in electrical appliances as switch gears and contacts. Brass is harder than copper and hence more wear-resistant in certain applications.

35
Q

Aluminium bronzes

A

exhibit excellent corrosion properties at room temperature and good wearing properties

36
Q

Aluminium

A

how density and excellent corrosion resistance. However, it has low strength and as such is usually used in alloyed form. Due to its low density it usually offers strength-to-weight ratios better than most ferrous alloys.

37
Q

Casting

A

a forming process that involves heating up a material and placing it into a mould. They can be made out of permanent moulds made of metal or expendable moulds of sand.

38
Q

Die Casting

A

Uses permanent moulds and is extensively used for non-ferrous alloy casting

39
Q

Sand Casting

A

is used for a lot of ferrous alloy casting

40
Q

Investment Casting, also known as lost wax casting

A

making a pattern of the object in a way, creating a mould around this, and then melting out the wax to leave a cavity to receive the molten metal

41
Q

Rolling

A

Metal is passed through rollers to achieve different thicknesses and cross-sections of the metal. Rolling can be done at high temperatures (hot rolling) or only slightly elevated temperatures (cold rolling)

42
Q

Hot rolling

A

hot rolling is easier to do and the resulting bar is unstressed by the deformation but they are less dimensionally accurate and covered in scale, and oxide that forms at the elevated temperature.

43
Q

Cold rolling

A

cold rolling is harder to do and the final metal’s structure will be stressed and deformed, but it will have a better surface finish and be more dimensionally accurate.

44
Q

Extruding

A

may be likened to squeezing toothpaste from a tube. the final structure will take the form of the die through which the metal is passed

45
Q

Spot Welding

A

Pressure process. Electric current melts metal sheets under pressure joining it in ‘spots’

46
Q

Butt Welding

A

Pressure process. Metal is butted together at the ends and current melts the metal

47
Q

Seam welding

A

Pressure process. Metal is moved through rotating wheels that pass electric current into the metal, melting it, then joining it

48
Q

Oxy-acetylene welding

A

Fusion process. Metal is melted by oxy-acetylene flame and a filler metal is added.

49
Q

Bronze welding

A

Fusion / alloying process. A flame heats the parent metal and bronze filler metal is added to the joint.

50
Q

Electric arc welding

A

Fusion process. Metal is melted by an electrode, which is also the filler metal. The electrode is covered in a flux to prevent oxidation of the weld metal.

51
Q

Metal inert gas (MIG) welding

A

fusion process. Uses continuous feed wire to facilitate quicker welding. Flux is replaced by an inert gas that protects the weld metal from oxidation when molten.

52
Q

Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding

A

Similar to MIG, TIG ( tungsten Inert gas) replaces the continuous feed wire with a tungsten electrode and a filler rod fed by the operator.

53
Q

Plasma arc welding

A

A gas, such as argon, is passed through an electric arc. The gas ionises electrons and positive ions which is plasma. The ions recombine to form a hot flame.

54
Q

Soft soldering

A

tin-lead alloy to join to join two pieces of metal together

55
Q

A flux

A

the resin in the centre of soldering wire to ‘wet’ the joint and chemically clean it.

56
Q

Brazing

A

Brazing uses a brass that is melted onto a ferrous metal at around temperatures of 860 degrees. A flux must be used.

57
Q

Silver Soldering

A

similar to brazing, but the joining material contains silver. Usually melts around 620-750 degrees. A flux must be used.

Year 11 (1 decks)

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