Engineering in Society Flashcards
What are the 4 steps in the problem-solving process in engineering.
Explore, Develop, generate, evaluate.
What is the “explore” process in the problem-solving process in engineering.
-Recognize and describe the real-world problem using knowledge of engineering technology, mechanics, materials science, and control systems.
-Analyze the problem to identify key parts, their connections, and their importance in solving the issue.
-Research similar problems or solutions to understand the best engineering practices for addressing the issue.
-Test and calculate to understand the core engineering principles involved in the problem.
-Define success criteria for the solution by considering the needs, constraints, and components of the problem.
What is the “develop” process in the problem-solving process in engineering.
-Combine knowledge of technology, mechanics, materials science, and control systems, along with what was learned through research and testing.
-Represent ideas using sketches, drawings, photos, diagrams, models, tables, or charts.
-Describe the idea development clearly with annotations, paragraphs, images, and facts.
-Evaluate the development of ideas using the success criteria.
-Calculate limits for the development of the solution.
-Test materials and processes to support the development of ideas.
-Create prototypes to test and refine ideas.
-Review the success criteria for the solution.
Predict a real-world solution based on the development.
What is the “generate” process in the problem-solving process in engineering.
-Create drawings that follow basic drawing standards, either by hand or using CAD, to help design a prototype.
-Calculate to predict performance of the prototype and real-world solution, and share the data using diagrams, tables, or spreadsheets.
-Create a prototype using methods like 3D printing, laser cutting, or traditional manufacturing to test the real-world performance of the solution.
What is the “evaluate” process in the problem-solving process in engineering.
-Test the prototype using methods like destructive testing, non-destructive testing, substitution, or simulation to gather performance data.
-Address uncertainties and refine the prototype based on the test results.
-Reanalyze test results to check for any needed adjustments.
-Evaluate the solution using the success criteria and performance data from the prototype.
-Recommend changes to improve the real-world solution’s performance and justify the modifications.
What are some career pathways within civil engineering?
Structural, transportation, geotechnical, environmental, and water resources engineering.
What is the typical career progression for a civil engineer?
Entry-level engineers: Hands on experience in design, analysis and project management.
project Engineers: Oversee the planning and execution of infrastructure projects.
Project Managers/Engineering Directors: Involve leadership responsibilities, strategic decision making, and stakeholder management
What do mechanical engineers do?
Mechanical engineers apply principles of physics and materials science to design, analyze, and manufacture mechanical systems and devices.
What are some common career pathways in mechanical engineering?
Career pathways in mechanical engineering encompass a wide range of industries, including automotive, aerospace, energy, manufacturing, and robotics.
How do mechanical engineers advance in their careers?
Design Engineer: develop concepts, create prototypes, and conduct testing to ensure product performance and reliability.
Project managers: Engineers lead interdisciplinary teams to deliver innovative solutions and meet project objectives.
What does an electrical engineer do?
Electrical engineers specialize in designing, developing, and maintaining electrical systems, devices, and technologies.
What are some potential career pathways in electrical engineering?
Career pathways in electrical engineering include working in telecommunications, power generation, electronics, and renewable energy. Engineers may specialize in areas like power systems, control systems, or embedded systems, tailoring their careers to meet industry demands and personal interests.
What roles do electrical engineers typically start in, and how do they advance?
Design or development engineers: Focus on designing circuitry, developing prototypes, and conducting tests. Project managers or technical leads: Oversee complex projects, managing resources, and collaborating with cross-functional teams.
What specializations can electrical engineers pursue?
Electrical engineers can specialize in a variety of areas, such as power systems, control systems, telecommunications, or embedded systems. This allows professionals to focus on specific industries or technologies that align with their skills and interests.
What is the Archimedes’ screw, and how was it used by ancient civilizations?
The Archimedes’ screw is a simple mechanical device used to lift water for irrigation or drainage purposes. It consists of a spiral-shaped tube inside a cylinder. When turned, typically by hand or animal power, it scoops up water from a lower level and lifts it to a higher point. The device is attributed to the ancient Greek engineer Archimedes, who is said to have invented it around 250 BCE.
What materials were used to build the Archimedes’ screw in ancient times?
In ancient Greece and Rome, the primary materials included timber for the shaft and structure of the screw. The screw itself could be made from metal, like bronze or iron, to ensure durability and efficient operation. In some cases, stone was used for the housing or casing of the screw.
How did the use of timber, bronze, and iron affect the design and functionality of the Archimedes’ screw?
The use of timber allowed the Archimedes’ screw to be lightweight and easily transported, which was particularly important in ancient times when mobility and practicality were key. Timber also made it easier to construct large, multi-stage systems, like those used for irrigation across wide areas. The use of bronze or iron for the screw ensured that it could effectively withstand wear from water and the mechanical forces of turning. The metal screw provided durability, making the device reliable for long-term use in draining or raising water.
What were the implications of using the Archimedes’ screw in ancient infrastructure?
The Archimedes’ screw had significant implications for the development of ancient infrastructure. It allowed for the efficient irrigation of fields in regions where water sources were scarce, leading to improved agricultural productivity. In ancient Egypt, for instance, it was instrumental in lifting water from the Nile for irrigation. In addition to agriculture, it helped in draining swamps, managing water for city-building, and even serving in mines to remove water. The ability to move and manage water helped support urbanization and the expansion of civilizations by enabling the construction of cities and roads in previously difficult areas.
What types of structures were enhanced or made possible by the use of devices like the Archimedes’ screw?
The Archimedes’ screw helped make possible structures that required large-scale water management. For example, it was crucial in the creation of irrigation systems, aqueducts, and water supply systems in Roman cities. In ancient Egypt, the screw played a role in supporting the construction of dams and canals for irrigation. Additionally, it would have facilitated the creation of monumental buildings by managing the water levels needed for large construction projects. Roads and bridges over wetlands or other water bodies also benefited from more efficient water control, ensuring that construction could continue smoothly in challenging environments.
How is the legacy of the Archimedes’ screw still visible in modern engineering?
The Archimedes’ screw remains relevant today in modern water management systems, particularly in irrigation, drainage, and sewage systems. It has inspired various advancements in pumps and mechanical systems for lifting and moving liquids. Its simple yet effective design shows how ancient innovations continue to influence modern technology, especially in situations where reliability and efficiency are needed for fluid movement. In fact, many modern pumps and water-moving devices still use the basic principles of the Archimedes’ screw, which speaks to its enduring impact.
What is the role of a civil engineer?
Civil engineers are responsible for designing, constructing, and maintaining the infrastructure that sustains modern civilization. They ensure that these systems are safe, functional, and sustainable.
