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Civil Engineering YEar 3 > Engineering Hydraulics > Flashcards

Engineering Hydraulics Flashcards

1
Q

What is viscosity?

A

A fluids resistance to deformation (flow) due to shear stresses.

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2
Q

Re number for open channel laminar flow?

A

<2000

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3
Q

Re number for open channel transitional flow?

A

2000<Re<4000

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4
Q

Re number for open channel turbulent flow?

A

> 4000

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5
Q

Froude number = 0

A

No flow

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6
Q

Froude number < 1

A

Subcritical flow

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7
Q

Froude number = 1

A

Critical flow

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8
Q

Froude number > 1

A

Supercritical flow

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9
Q

Definition of uniform flow?

A

Flow variables (velocity and depth) are constant in space

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10
Q

Definition of non-uniform flow?

A

Flow variables (velocity and depth) change in space

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11
Q

Definition of steady flow?

A

Flow variables (velocity and depth) at a given point do not change with time (constant flow rate)

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12
Q

Definition of unsteady flow?

A

Flow variables (velocity and depth) at a given point change with time (increase/decrease of flow rate)

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13
Q

Hydraulic radius = ?

A

R = A/P (area/wetted perimeter)

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14
Q

In infintely wide channels what doesnt affect flow?

A

Walls/banks of channel

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15
Q

How wide does a channel have to be to ignore effects of walls/banks?

A

10X its flow depth

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16
Q

How do you obtain flow depth from the Manning’s equation?

A

Trial and error using iterative method

17
Q

Weak Hydraulic Jump

A

1.7<Fr<2.5

18
Q

Oscillating Hydraulic Jump

A

2.5<Fr<4.5

19
Q

Steady Hydraulic Jump

A

4.5<Fr<9

20
Q

Strong Hydraulic Jump

A

Fr>9

21
Q

What are the conditions for gradually varied flow?

A

Gradual variations in flow depth and velocity
No surface discontinuities
Component of weight does not balance friction
Geometric slope different from friction slope

22
Q

Mild slope conditions

A

S<Sc

yn>yc

23
Q

Steep slope conditions

A

S>Sc
yc>yn

24
Q

Critical slope conditions

A

S=Sc
yc=yn

25
Q

Horizontal slope conditions

A

S=0
yn -> infinity

26
Q

Adverse slope conditions

A

flow depth is critical

27
Q

Driving forces in pipe flow?

A

Pressure (& sometimes gravity)

28
Q

Reynolds number represents?

A

Ratio of inertial force to viscous force

29
Q

Re number for pipe laminar flow?

A

<2300

30
Q

Re number for pipe transitional flow?

A

2300<Re<4000

31
Q

Re for pipe turbulent flow?

A

> 4000

32
Q

How is turbulent flow charecterised?

A

Irregular, random, chaotic

33
Q

What equation is used to evaluate head loss in turbulent pipe flow?

A

Darcy-Weisbach euation

34
Q

What do you use to get pipe friction factor for turbulent flow? (lamda)

A

Moody diargam

35
Q

How do you get mean flow velocity?

A

U=Q/A

Civil Engineering YEar 3 (3 decks)

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