Engineering Geology: Cliff Instability In Rockmass Flashcards

1
Q

What are three fast types of mass movement?

A

Rock slide, rock topple, rock avalanche

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2
Q

Name two slow types of mass movement.

A

Rotational slump, soil creep

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3
Q

Which of the following mass movements are associated with wet conditions?
A. Rock slide
B. Mudflow
C. Soil creep
D. Heave

A

B. Mudflow
C. Soil creep

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4
Q

What two global statistics are shown to highlight the impact of landslides?

A

Number of landslides and fatalities due to landslides

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5
Q

What are some causes of mass movement?

A

Weathering, geological structure, rainfall, slope angle, seismicity

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6
Q

What are three physical properties that influence rock strength?

A

UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength), porosity, friction angle

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7
Q

Granite typically has a UCS of about ___ MPa and a friction angle of ___°.

A

200 MPa; 55°

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8
Q

T/F: Shale has lower tensile strength and friction angle than Granite.

A

True

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9
Q

What structural geological feature characterises the Møns Klint Thrust Sheet?

A

Imbricate fan

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10
Q

What did the 2012 Dorset landslide example demonstrate?

A

The human cost of not engineering unstable cliffs

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11
Q

What are the four key steps to assess and address cliff instability risk?

A
  1. Hazard
  2. Vulnerability
  3. Risk
  4. Mitigation
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12
Q

When does a coastal hazard become a true hazard?

A

When it poses a threat to human life or infrastructure.

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13
Q

Why is vulnerability necessary for risk to exist?

A

Without people or infrastructure exposed to hazard, there is no risk.

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14
Q

What is the basic formula for risk assessment?

A

Risk = Hazard × Vulnerability

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15
Q

What geographical region is shown as an example of cliff erosion?

A

Chalk coastline of southern England

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16
Q

Name three engineering methods to mitigate cliff collapse.

A

Netting, sea walls, rock bolting

17
Q

Why is understanding structural geology key even along protected coastlines?

A

Because failures can still occur, as shown by Peacehaven and Brighton events.

18
Q

What zones must be assessed to understand cliff hazard?

A

Cliff top, cliff face, and cliff base/wave-cut platform

19
Q

What structural feature controls vertical collapses at Seven Sisters cliffs?

A

Vertical joint sets

20
Q

What makes failures at Beachy Head complex?

A

Multiple chalk formations with different joint styles and high cliffs.

21
Q

What are the 4 stages in the cliff decay cycle?

A
  1. Collapse and apron formation
  2. Apron removal
  3. Weathering and minor failures
  4. Large-scale collapse
22
Q

What failure type is unique to very high or porous chalk cliffs?

A

Flow slides

23
Q

List three key aspects affecting chalk cliff engineering.

A

Lithostratigraphy, rock mass character, geomorphological setting

24
Q

What is the standard formula for Factor of Safety (F) in slope analysis?

A

F = Strength / Stress

25
Q

What is a key disadvantage of using F in limit equilibrium analysis?

A

It does not identify failure mode or mechanism.