Engineering Geology Flashcards
What are the different types of subsurface exploration?
Boring, test pits, trenches
What is boring?
This is a cylindrical hole drilled into the ground for the purpose of investigating subsurface conditions, performing field tests, and obtaining soil, rock, or groundwater specimens for testing
What are trenches?
Trenches are long and narrow excavations usually made by a backhoe or bulldozer
What are the three types of samplers that are used to retrieve soil and rock specimens from boring?
California sampler
Shelby tube sampler
Standard penetration test sampler
What are the types soil samples?
Altered sample
Disturbed sample
Undisturbed sample
What is an altered sample?
During boring operations, soil can be altered due to mixing or contamination.
What is a disturbed sample?
Disturbed soil is defined as soil that has been remolded during the sampling process.
What is an undisturbed sample?
Undisturbed samples are often defined as those samples obtained by slowly pushing thin walled tubes, having sharp cutting ends and tip relief, into the soil.
What are the three most common types of field tests that can be performed at the time of drilling?
Standard penetration test
Cone penetration test
Vane shear test
What is spread footing/pad footing?
Spread footings are often square in plan view, are of uniform reinforced concrete thickness and are used to support a single column load located directly in the center of the footing.
What is strip footing/wall footing?
Strip or wall footing is often used for load-bearing walls. They are usually long reinforced concrete members of uniform width and shallow depth.
What is a conventional slab on grade foundation?
A continuous reinforced concrete foundation consisting of bearing wall footings and a slab in grade. Concrete reinforcement often consists of steel re-bar in the footings wire mesh in the concrete slab.
What is post-tensioned slab-on-grade foundation?
A continuous post-tensioned concrete foundation. The post-tensioning effects is created by tensioning steel tendons or cables embedded within the concrete.
What are driven piles?
Driven piles are slender members, made wood, steel, or precast concrete, that are driven into place using pile-driving equipment.
What is a mat foundation?
A large and thick reinforced concrete foundation, often of uniform thickness, that is continuous and supports the entire structure.