Engineering Flashcards
Engineering notes from the Great Courses Plus
3 Types of frame residential bearing wall
Bearing Wall
Heavy Timber
Light timber
Live load
Loads in a structure that involve movement
How do bearing wall structures work
Joist spread that weight out dispersing load to the bearing walls
Number stamps on lumber are called
Select Structural (lower grade is better)
Girder
Main beam that supports other smaller beams
Sill Plate
Lumber that is bolted to the top of the basement cement wall to attach the house
Rim Joist
Lumber on wall that the joists are attached to
Trimmer Joist and Headers
Rim joists that are used on openings in the floor for stairways
OSB sf
Oriented Strand Board
Oriented Strand Board
Pasted strips of wood often used for flooring
Deflection Failure
When joist bends angularly beyond breaking point
Lateral Torsioning
When a joist turns sideways and structure falls
Platform structures use which kind of joist sizes?
Long and tall but supported
Studs are attached to floor and ceiling with
Sole plate and top plate
Header
Wooden beam over there door
Sheathing
Wooden walls on studs that prevents buckling
Truss
Beam between rafters that holds it together
Purposes of building envelope
- Sheds rainwater
- Prevents ice pentration
- Prevents groundwater infiltration
- Removes internal moisture
- Insulates
- Fire resistant
Roofing felt is usually sold in
36 inch rolls
Flashing
Strips of sheet metal for preventing leaks at intersections
Tar has been replaced with
Housewrap, which is like an ikea bag.
It’s good cause it doesn’t let water through, but allows vapor to pass
Cladding
The outside layer like siding or brick
Hydrostatic Pressure
Pressure caused by the water’s own wet
Aquifer
Underground fresh water supply
Algae blooms are caused by
fertilizer runoff
Methods to deal with algae in reservoir
Copper Sulfate
Mechanical filtering
Limit water runoff
Underwater aerator
Anoxia cause and issues
Depletion of oxygen at the bottom of reservoir by copper oxide.
Kills fish and anaerobic bacteria gives weird smell
3 basic functions in water filtration plant
Clarification
Filtration
Disinfection
Clarification steps
Filter out big things
Coagulation with agitation (clumps things you don’t want)
Flocculation (clumps sink)
Filtering steps
Filter with stones and coals
Disinfected with chlorine, O3, or ultraviolet light
Coal impurities
Hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen
Coal layers and types
Peat
Lignite
Subbitumous
Bituminous
Antracite
Long wall mining
Wall collapses behing machine as it mines coal
The king of machines
Drag line
Gasoline is mostly made of
C6-C8
Fractionating
Boiling crude oil to collect only the right alkanes
Fracking
Using a combination of liquids down a boar hole to extract more oil, but it is environmentally problematic
Benefit of oil power plants
It uses the waste product of oil refinery that has no other use
Natural Gas Power uses what instead of boiling water steam
Combustion Turbine (Jet) running on the natural gas combustion
Combustion Turbine parts
Compressor, combustion system, turbine, driveshaft
Advantages of gas vs coal power plants
Far less environmentally toxic
Less footprint
Easily shut off and on
Fissile Material
Material capable of sustaining the chain reaction with nuclear fission
Usually Uranium 235
Hyperboloid Cooling Towers
Cools with zero energy usage as the top collects cool air and bottom absorbs water.
Penstock
Tube in a dam that transfers water to the turbine
Enginerring Parts of a wind turbine
Turbine uses bernoulie’s principle to use lift the blades up
Nacelle is programmed to change direction and has a generator. Includes a gear box and keeps it at constant pace by rotating the blades
Why 3 blades on a wind turbine
Only 6, then 3, then less power generation per blade making the extra blade inefficient
Megawattage comparison of wind turbine to coal plant
1.5 mega watts to 1500 megawatts
Two types of solar power
Solar thermal
Solar voltaics
How solar thermal power works
Thermal energy uses mirrors to heat an oil to 750 c which boils water to generate steam
How Ivan Pah solar plant works
3 water towers are heated by hundreds of mirrors.
Photovotaics
Uses solar radiation to cause photovotaic effect
Free electrons cause a current
Electrical Transmission Trail
Switchyard
Transmission Feeder
Regional Substation
Local Substation (down to 120 volt)
How to caculate size changes due to temperature
Thermal Deformation
How does radio work?
Electrons when moving cause electromagnetic radiation
Why are wires twisted and in rubber?
To limit electromagnetic radiation
FM Radio Waves at 100 mhz are how long?
About 10 feet long
Why can rain and fog affect signal strength?
The waves are so short that they can be degraded by rain and fog
Things to know about low vs high frequency waves in radio
High frequencies can carry more information but are so short they cannot go far and are affected by interference
Cell phone mhz range
700-2400 mhz
Difference between a cell phone and walkie talkie
Cell phone uses two bands for two way communication
Cell phones are digital
How do cell phone companies manage millions of people within the same frequencies?
Space Division Multiplexing
Areas are separated into hexagonal cells, the cells around use different frequencies
Biggest difference between 1g data and 2g data
2g is digital, allowed text messages
Incorporated time division multiple access
Multiple Access
Frequencies and channels are split into time components so fast the user doesn’t notice.
3g updates
Code division multiple access (spread spectrum)
Code division multiple access
Using full range of frequency spectrum but has a particular coding that only your phone recognizes
Like recognizing only one voice in a noisy area
If a phone doesn’t find its System Identifier Number it will
Roam for one
Closest and furthest points of a satelite to the earth
Perigee and Apogee
Piston Strokes
Induction stroke
Compression Stroke
Carburetor
Regulate the amount of oxygen and fuel for combustion
Fuel Injection
Sprays fuel into each intake port
Alternator
Belt driven generator that provides power to the car
Parts of bridge girder
Flanges (top and bottom)
Web
Diaphragm
Belt and supenders engineering
Taking absolutly every reasonable precaution, and having a backup plan if it fails
3 Types of Tunnels
Cut and Cover
Bored Tunnel
Immersed tube tunnels
