Engine Operations Flashcards
strategy vs. tactics
p. 11
general plan vs. specific actions
“own water”
p. 29
when a hydrant is close enough to optimal first-due engine positioning w/out using a supply engine
Announcing “own water” will redirect ____ from the hydrant.
p. 29
the second-due engine
“forward lay”
p. 29
first-due engine drops a supply line at a hydrant before driving to the incident location ; another engine company secures water for the first-due engine
In a forward lay, where does the first-due engine drop its supply line?
p. 29
at the closest hydrant preceding the incident
“split lay”
p. 30
performed when an incident is at or near an intersection, if the location has a long driveway, or if the location is otherwise restricted in access
In a split lay, the next-arriving engine must…
p. 30
…continue the split to the hydrant on the next street.
“reverse lay”
p. 31
when the second-arriving engine drops supply line at the first-arriving engine and then proceeds to the hydrant
What elements may prevent a supply engine from passing the incident?
p. 31
- narrow streets
- street parking
- poorly positined first-arriving units
For rural water incidents, supply line must be ____.
p. 31
laid out from a feasible location for an engine or tanker to supply from a static water source.
An engine company’s primary function is ____.
p. 31
stretching and operating hoselines
An incident’s success is most often defined by ____.
p. 31
the initial hoseline’s success.
What saves more lives and conserves more property than any other fireground operation?
p. 31
Efficient deployment, appropriate positioning, and effective application of fire streams.
What determines the flow required to extinguish a fire?
p. 32
Fire size and intensity.
Most residential fires require a flow rate of ____ and a ____ hoseline.
p. 32
100-200 gpm ; 1 3/4”
The 2 1/2” hoseline is appropriate for ____ and often requires ____ firefighters to advance.
p. 32
commercial buildings, exterior attacks, exposures ; up to 6
“estimating the stretch”
p. 32
determining the needed length of hose
Accurately estimating the stretch can prevent ____ and ____.
p. 32
stretching short ; overstretching
Estimating the stretch formula:
p. 33
setback + width of building + length of building + 1/2 length per floor + 1 length at the point of attack
“setback”
p. 33
distance from the engine to the building entrance
The average residential roadway width is approximately ____.
p. 33
12 feet
The modern single-vehicle driveway is approximately ____.
p. 33
12 ft. wide x 25 ft. long
The average sedan or SUV is approximately ____.
p. 34
6 ft. wide x 15 ft. long
____ feet of hoseline can cover each floor of a typical NOVA single-family dwelling.
p. 34
50
Before deploying a second hoseline, what must happen?
p. 42
Ensure the primary hoseline is in place and progressing.
Where is the preferred location for door chocks, and why?
p. 42
Low, so personnel can quickly remove them while retreating under advancing fire conditions.
In the NOVA region, most firefighting nozzles have ____.
p. 42
fixed-gallonage combination fog and smooth-bore nozzles
Personnel should use a straight or solid stream for ____.
p. 42-43
interior fire suppression
The fixed-gallonage combination fog nozzle is rated to deliver ____.
p. 43
a specific amount of water at a specific nozzle pressure
The combination fog nozzle traditional operates at ____ psi.
p. 43
100
How would a wide-fog pattern work in a super-heated environment?
p. 43
Tiny water droplets entrain a significant amount of air and convert to steam w/ an expension ratio of 1,700:1 at 212°F. Avoid during interior fire suppression.
Why is the straight stream preferred for interior fire suppression?
p. 43
Although made of tiny water droplets, the stream remains relatively intact and air entrainment is comparable in volume to solid streams.
Which nozzle delivers a solid stream of water from a fixed orifice?
p. 43
Smooth-bore
The rate of water delivery from a fixed orifice depends on ____.
p. 43
Nozzle pressure
Standard nozzle pressure for smooth-bore hand lines is ____.
p. 43
50 psi
For master-stream operations utilizing a smooth-bore nozzle, the standard nozzle pressure is ____.
p. 43
80 psi
Formula to determine flow rate from smooth-bore nozzles:
p. 43
Smooth-bore nozzle orifices should not exceed ____.
p. 43
half the diameter of the hose to which they are affixed.
“nozzle reaction”
p. 44
Force produced at the nozzle and transmitted backward while flowing water.
Increasing/decreasing ____ or ____ will affect nozzle reaction.
p. 44
nozzle pressure ; flow
Formula for nozzle reaction for combination fog nozzles:
p. 44
.0505 = a constant
Q = quantity in GPM
NP = nozzle pressure
Formula for nozzle reaction for smooth bore nozzles:
p. 44
1.57 = a constant
D = diameter of the hose
NP = nozzle pressure
“master stream”
p. 45
Any stream flowing 350 gpm or more.
Which nozzle has distinct advantages when used on master stream devices? Why?
p. 46
Smooth-bore. Combination fog nozzles deliver a straight stream that is formed after leaving the nozzle and is more susceptible to wind and thermal columns.
NFPA 1964 allows for a pressure vairance of ____ on automatic combination nozzles.
p. 46
± 15 psi from its rated pressure.
Why should automatic combination nozzles be avoided for master streams and when combating large-volume fires?
p. 46
Increased fire-stream velocity helps lessen impacts of wind and heat on the fire stream and allows the stream to hit harder and distribute water better.
Formula for stream velocity:
12.14 * √NP = ft/s
The engine driver’s ultimate responsibility is ____.
p. 52
safe delivery of personnel to and from the scene.
List considerations for best engine positioning for a reported fire.
p. 52
1) Create most direct access for attack lines.
2) Allow truck company to the front.
3) Consider how hydrant position and supply hose/intake selection will affect later-arriving units.
How should engine drivers ideally communicate to establish water supply?
p. 52
Face-to-face to reduce radio traffic.
A driver must inform the officer when the engine’s booster tank ____.
p. 52-53
reaches half capacity.
Before charging additional hoselines, ____.
p. 53
a water supply should be established.
In what situations might an additional hoseline need to be charged before establishing a water supply?
p. 53
1) exposure protection
2) line to the attic
3) RIT use
4) controlling exterior fires
If later-arriving units have longer response times, an engine driver should be prepared to ____.
p. 53
Complete nontraditional duties (place ladders, advance hoselines from the exterior, etc.)
Firefighters can shorten response times by ____, not ____.
p. 58
turning out quicky ; reckless driving
What is the role of the engine driver if a building is standpipe equipped?
p. 58
Remain at the engine while other crew investigate.
First-due engine driver responsibilities include:
p. 59
1) Position to allow rapid deployment of hoselines.
2) Allow priority positioning for trucks.
3) Establish primary water supply.
Second-due engine driver responsibilities include:
p. 59
1) Ensure primary water is established.
2) Position to not imede other units.
3) Redirect away from the hydrant if first engine has their own water.
Third-due engine driver responsibilities include:
p. 59
1) Establish secondary water supply.
2) Position on side opposite of first-due engine, if possible.
3) Coordinate with fourth-due engine.
Fourth-due engine driver responsibilities include:
p. 60
1) Ensure secondary water supply.
2) RIT.
