Engage Fundamentals: Sensory Perception Flashcards
Define myopia
Nearsightedness.
A patient presenting with myopia will be unable to see objects clearly close up or far away?
Unable to see faraway objects clearly.
Define hyperopia
Farsightedness.
A patient with a history of hyperopia will have a difficult time seeing objects clearly from far away or close up?
Difficulty seeing objects closeby clearly.
How does astigmatism affect vision?
Makes it difficult to see objects clearly from closeup and faraway.
How does presbyopia vary from hyperopia?
Presbyopia is an age related disease making it difficult to see nearby objects clearly.
How does glaucoma affect your vision?
Increased fluid buildup resulting in an increase in intraocular pressure which results in optic nerve compression and if not treated, vision loss.
How does macular degeneration alter your vision?
Through breakdown of the macula, which is the small central portion of your retina. This leads to vision loss and eventual blindness.
How does macular degeneration alter your vision?
Through breakdown of the macula, which is the small central portion of your retina. This leads to vision loss and eventual blindness.
Of the three types of hearing loss, which is most prevalent?
Sensorinerual hearing loss.
Childhood infections resulting in sensorineural hearing loss?
- Meningitis
- Measles
- Mumps
- Neonatal sepsis
What area of the ear is affected by a patient with sensorineural hearing loss?
Inner ear or CN VIII (vestibulocochlear or auditory nerve)
What is the term for age related hearing loss?
Presbycusis.
What are some other causes of sensorineural hearing loss?
- Some medications can be ototoxic
- Syphilis
- Herpes simplex
- Diabetes
- Heart disease
How does conductive hearing loss result in hearing loss?
Sound is not able to travel from the outer ear to the eardrum and middle ear.
What infection results in fluid accumulation in the middle ear leading and can result in conduction hearing loss?
Otitis Media
How does otosclerosis cause conductive hearing loss?
Abnormal growth of your inner ear bones.
When does otosclerosis typically take place and who does it generally affect?
Mid-adulthood women.
A patient presents to the clinic with ear pain and is diagnosed with otitis media. What hearing loss disorder could this patient develop if their infection is not properly treated?
Conductive hearing loss
Speech is a complex process controlled by various nerves. What nerves are associated with speech?
- CN V
- CN X
- CN XI
- CN II
- Phrenic nerve
- Intercostal nerve
A patient presents to the Emergency Room and is able to understand what you are saying, but is unable to get the words out they want to say. What form of aphasia are they suffering from?
Expressive aphasia
Damage to the frontal lobe results in Broca’s (nonfluent) aphasia, which is also known as…
Expressive aphasia
A patient presents to the Emergency Room speaking in long drawn out sentences with a tangential speech pattern. They are unable to follow what you are saying and you are having difficulty following what they are saying. What form of aphasia are they suffering from?
Wernicke’s (fluent) aphasia
Damage to this area of the brain can cause Wernicke’s aphasia.
Temporal lobe
How does global aphasia alter your speech/comprehension?
Patients typically have poor language comprehensoin and are unable to form words or sentences.
What parts of the brain are affected by global aphasia.
Frontal, temporal, and other language areas of the brain.
This type of touch disorder is characterized by a patient being very sensitive for touch.
Tactile hypersensitivity.
A severe form of tactile hypersensitivity is known as…
Tactile defensiveness.
Define ageusia
Inability to taste anything
Define dysgeusia
Taste alteration in which things tast salty, rancid, or metallic
Define hypogeusia
Decreased ability to taste
Define phantom taste perception
Foul taste in mouth when it is empty
Define anosmia
Inability to smell
Define parosmia
Smell distortion. Previously pleasant smells become unpleasant.
Define phantosmia
When you smell something that is not there.
NSAIDS can affect what senses?
- Hearing
- Taste
Antibiotics can affect what senses?
- Hearing
- Smell
- Taste
Loop diuretics can affect what sense?
- Hearing
Antihypertensives can affect what sense?
Taste
Psychotropics can affect what sense?
Taste
Antihistamines can affect what senses?
- Hearing
- Sight
- Smell
- Taste
ASA can affect what sense?
Hearing
This tool is used to assess someones vision by looking at the back of the eye as light passes through the cornea and lens.
Refraction assessment
A patient is undergoing a refraction assessment. During the assessment the provider notices that the light is not focusing correctly as it passes through the cornea and lens. What does this mean for the patient?
They likely need corrective glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery.
A patient comes into the ED with an eye injury and the provider is wanting to get a better look at the internal structures. What tool will they use?
Slit lamp.
The provider is concerned about progressive diabetic retinopathy in your patient and the slit lamp is currently in the shop for repairs. What other technique can the provider use to assess the vessels of the eyes?
Fluorescein angiography
What is an Amsler grid used to assess?
How?
Macular degeneration.
Patient is shown a graph paper and asked if any of the lines look straight or wavy or any section of the grid is missing.
Your patient comes into the office complaining of difficulty hearing after a recent ear infection (Otitis media), the provider is concerned about bone conduction hearing loss. What test will your provider likely use to assess the patient?
Rhine test
A bone oscillator test measures what cranial nerve?
CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear
A nurse is caring for a patient who states, “My doctor said I should have an EMG. What is that?” What is your response to the patient?
It is a test that determines of there is nerve damage affecting a muscle
Trauma to the outer ear can lead to what type of hearing loss?
Conductive hearing loss
Which taste buds decrease with age?
Sour, bitter, and salty
What are the two most commonly affected senses with aging?
- Hearing loss
- Vision loss
What is an otoacoustic emissions test?
Small probe is placed in the auditory canal and a series of sounds are played through the probe and the return echo is measured
A patient is going to have small electrodes placed on their scalp for a hearing test. What test is being performed?
Auditory brainstem response test or the brain-evoked response test
A sensory processing disorder results in what type of response?
A hypersensitive response
What is the most commonly performed hearing test?
Audiometer test
Neurological conditions lead to anosmia. What is anosmia?
Loss of smell
Decreased peripheral vision is a manifestation of which visual impairment?
Glaucoma
