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My Packs: School (Grade 12 Semester 1) > (ENG4U1AP) Poetic Terms > Flashcards

(ENG4U1AP) Poetic Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Define:
Assonance

A

The repetition of similar vowel sounds within words

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2
Q

Define:
Alliteration

A

The repetition of a consonant, usually at the beginning of words

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3
Q

True or False:
Alliteration was the primary poetic device of the English language

A

True

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4
Q

What is the function(s) of alliteration(s)?

A

Tends to speed up a line (repeated consonants allow the reader to quickly read the line aloud with an often humorous or light-hearted effect)

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5
Q

What is the function(s) of assonance?

A

Reverse of alliteration, tends to slow a line down (repeated vowel sounds are difficult to navigate, creating an often sombre, serious, or dramatic effect)

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6
Q

Define:
Blank Verse

A

Consists of lines of iambic pentameter that are unrhymed

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7
Q

What is - in most part - written in blank verse?

A

Shakespeare’s plays

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8
Q

What is the function(s) of blank verse?

A

Has a flowing natural sound that closely mimics the rhythms of the English language

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9
Q

True or False:
Blank Verse is not a popular verse form for longer works of poetry

A

False, it is a popular verse form for longer works of poetry because it is a fairly easy structure to write in

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10
Q

Define:
Caesura

A

A strong pause that falls within a line of poetry, often in the middle of the line

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11
Q

What is the function(s) of a caesura?

A

The unexpected stop a caesura brings stresses the line, and brings particular attention to the words directly surrounding it

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12
Q

Define:
Chiasmus

A

A sequence of two phrases or clauses which are parallel in syntax, but with a reversal in the order of the corresponding words

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13
Q

What is the function(s) of a chiasmus?

A

Attention-grabbing poetic device that provides a point of strong emphasis

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14
Q

True or False:
Chiasmus should not be overused in a poem

A

True

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15
Q

Define:
Contrast

A

The intended placement of contrasting words, ideas or sounds near each other

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16
Q

What is the function(s) of contrast?

A

Used to bring attention to the differences between words, ideas or sounds

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17
Q

What is the difference between oxymoron and contrast?

A

Oxymoron strives to connect two opposing things into one unified though
Contrast strives to exaggerate the differences between them

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18
Q

Define:
Diction

A

Refers to the overall word choice and type of language used by a poet

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19
Q

Where does the word “diction” come from?

A

Latin ‘dico’, meaning ‘to say’

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20
Q

What is the function(s) of diction? (2)

A

Diction usually matches his or her subject matter and message
Sometimes, a writer might purposefully mismatch diction and subject matter for humorous or ironic effect

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21
Q

Define:
Dissonance

A

The use of harsh-sounding, usually consonant-laden language

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22
Q

What is the function(s) of dissonance?

A

Often used to give a line a harsh, violent or unpleasant sound

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23
Q

What is dissonance also known as?

A

A cacophony

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24
Q

Define:
Enjambement

A

Occurs in poetry when an idea or sentence runs over the end of a line and into the next line - thus ‘striding over’ the natural line break

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25
Q

Where does the word “enjambement” come from?

A

French, means ‘striding over’

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26
Q

What is the function(s) of enjambement? (2)

A

Provides for a variety of sentence lengths in a poem
Holds the reader’s interest as the poem flows from one line to another

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27
Q

Define:
Euphony

A

The use of gentle-sounding, pleasant language with soft vowel and consonant sounds

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28
Q

What is the function(s) of an euphony?

A

Often used to give a line a soft, soothing or pleasant sound (it’s a common trait of romantic love poetry)

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29
Q

What is the opposite of dissonance (cacophony)?

A

Euphony

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30
Q

What is the opposite of euphony?

A

Dissonance (cacophony)

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31
Q

Define:
Free Verse

A

Poetry that does not have the regular stress patterns or rhythms of traditional poetry

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32
Q

What is the difference between free verse poetry and prose?

A

Free verse poetry is broken down into verse form

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33
Q

What is the function(s) of free verse poetry? (3)

A

Though it lacks a formal structure, it gives a poem a freedom that other poetic structures lack
Allows a poet to explore images and sounds without worrying about metre
Usually reproduces the natural rhythms of speech, thus sounds less formal than other structures

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34
Q

Define:
Onomatopoeia

A

The use of a word (or combination or words) whose sound seems to resemble the thing it denotes

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35
Q

What is the function(s) of an onomatopoeia? (2)

A

Creates a dramatic or shocking effect and stresses the line containing it
Can also make descriptive passages more effective

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36
Q

Define:
Oxymoron

A

A word or phrase that links opposite concepts together

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37
Q

Where does the word “oxymoron” come from?

A

German, literally meaning ‘wise-dumb’

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38
Q

What is the function(s) of an oxymoron?

A

Often used to communicate ambiguity, or to describe an emotion or situation with two contrasting sides

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39
Q

Define:
Paradox

A

A statement that seems at first glance to be self-contradictory or absurd, yet turns out to make good sense

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40
Q

What is the function(s) of a paradox?

A

Can get a reader to think deeply about an image, situation or theme

41
Q

Who were paradoxes popular with? Why?

A

Metaphysical poets
They would often present a paradox at the beginning of a poem, and then gradually prove the paradox to be true

42
Q

Define:
Parallel Structure

A

The repetition of sentence structure or verse structure in a poem

43
Q

What is the function(s) of parallel structure?

A

Serves to connect or contrast different words, ideas or lines

44
Q

Define:
Repetition

A

The repeating of words or phrases multiple times in a single poem

45
Q

What is the function(s) of repetition? (2)

A

Serves to stress the repeated words or phrases, making their importance clear to the reader
When used sparingly, can be a very effective way to make an impact on the reader

46
Q

Define:
Rhyme

A

A similarity in the sounds of words

47
Q

True or False:
Rhyming has become one of the least important poetic devices of the English language

A

False, rhyming has become one of the primary poetic devices of the English language

48
Q

In poetry, the _______ words may occur at the ____ of lines, or _____ in the ______ of a line may _____

A

Rhyming
Ends
Words
Middle
Rhyme

49
Q

What are the function(s) of rhyme? (3)

A

Connects different words through sound, bringing attention to their similarities or their differences
Helps a poem flow smoothly and often has a musical effect on verse
Can also convey innocence or childishness in a poem, as it is a common feature in children’s poems

50
Q

Define:
Rhyme Scheme

A

A method of charting the rhymes in poetry that occur at the ends of lines

51
Q

What is the function(s) of a rhyme scheme? (4)

A

Can affect the overall sound and flow of the stanzas
Can be used to stress certain lines
Can be used to connect different lines or stanzas together through sound
Some poetic forms have a predetermined rhyme scheme that must be obeyed

52
Q

What two examples of poetic forms have a predetermined rhyme scheme that must be obeyed?

A

Villanelles
Sonnets

53
Q

Define:
Rhyming couplet

A

A unit of two adjacent rhyming lines in poetry

54
Q

Define:
Heroic couplet

A

A rhyming couplet featuring an iambic pentameter rhythm scheme

55
Q

What are the function(s) of rhyming couplets? (2)

A

Sometimes placed at the ends of poems to provide a strong conclusion (close-set rhymes in a couplet have a powerful aural effect, and draw attention to the lines)
Some poems are composed entirely of rhyming couplets to imbue the verse with a logical and carefully arranged sound structure

56
Q

Whose works are composed entirely of rhyming couplets?

A

Alexander Pope

57
Q

Define:
Rhythm

A

Refers to the beat, or the pattern of lightly and heavily stressed syllables, in a line of poetry

58
Q

How are lightly and heavily stressed syllables indicated?

A

A stress is usually indicated by a slash (/) written over the stressed syllable
An unstressed syllable is indicated with a shallow u (U)

59
Q

Define:
Metre

A

The type of foot and the number of feet per line

60
Q

What are the basic rhythmic feet? (4)

A

Iamb
Trochee
Anapest
Dactyl

61
Q

State the adjective form, structure, and function of:
Iamb

A

Iambic
Unstressed, stressed
Most commonly used rhythm in English poetry (closely mirrors the sound of English speech, gives poems a natural, flowing tone)

62
Q

State the adjective form, structure, and function of:
Trochee

A

Trochaic
Stressed, unstressed
Has a forceful, command-like or exclamatory sound (imbues a poem with a forceful and strong voice)

63
Q

State the adjective form, structure, and function of:
Anapest

A

Anapestic
Unstressed, unstressed, stressed
Seldom used in English, has a forceful marching beat that lends itself well to military songs and anthems
Recently experienced a surge in popularity due to rap artists (using it for its forceful beat)

64
Q

State the adjective form, structure, and function of:
Dactyl

A

Dactylic
Stressed, unstressed, unstressed
Has a soft, lilting rhythm that closely suggests a waltz, sometimes used in romantic verse

65
Q

What are substitution feets? List them (3)

A

These individual feet are sometimes inserted into another rhyme scheme for special effect
Spondee
Phyrric Foot
Trochee

66
Q

State the adjective form, structure, and function of:
Spondee

A

Spondaic
Stressed, stressed
Inserted into other rhythm schemes to create a strong point of stress

67
Q

State the adjective form, structure, and function of:
Phyrric Foot

A

Phyrric
Unstressed, unstressed
Inserted into other rhythm schemes to speed up a line, often used for merely functional purposes (difficult to write in a strict rhythm scheme without inserting the odd Phyrric foot)

68
Q

State the adjective form, structure, and function of:
Trochee

A

Trochaic
Stressed, unstressed
When used as a substitution foot, individual trochees are thrown into an iambic rhythm to provide a point of stress

69
Q

Define:
Scansion

A

The practice of analysing a poem to determine the metre

70
Q

How does one begin the scansion process? What is the next step after?

A

Identify the rhythmic foot being used
Count the number of feet contained in each line of poetry

71
Q

ONE foot per line, the metre is called _________
TWO feet per line, the metre is called _______
THREE feet per line, the metre is called ________
FOUR feet per line, the metre is called __________
FIVE feet per line, the metre is called __________
SIX feet per line, the metre is called _________
SEVEN feet per line, the metre is called __________
EIGHT feet per line, the metre is called _________

A

Monometre
Dimetre
Trimetre
Tetrametre
Pentametre
Hexametre
Heptametre
Octametre

72
Q

If a line contains five iambic feet, it is called:

A

Iambic Pentametre

73
Q

If a line contains three dactylic feet, it is called:

A

Dactylic Trimetre

74
Q

If a line contains eight trochaic feet, it is called:

A

Trochaic Octametre

75
Q

True or False:
Some metres are given other names as well

A

True

76
Q

What is a line of six iambic feet (iambic hexametre) also known as?

A

An Alexandrine

77
Q

What is a line of seven iambic feet (iambic heptametre) also known as?

A

A fourteener

78
Q

What is a feminine ending? How does that affect the poem?

A

A line that closes with an unstressed syllable
Gives poems a soft, gentle sound

79
Q

What is a masculine ending? How does that affect the poem?

A

A line that closes with a stressed syllable
Gives poems a stronger, more forceful feel

80
Q

Define:
Shape

A

The arrangement of the words on the page

81
Q

What is the function(s) of shape? (2)

A

May aid in communication of the theme
Can bring attention to a certain area of the poem or visualise an important idea

82
Q

How can shape be used in poetry? (2)

A

Can be used obviously (e.x. a poem about a tree shaped like a tree)
Can be used subtlly through indentation and margin size

83
Q

Define:
Stanza

A

A grouped collection of lines in a poem

84
Q

Stanza is to poetry as the _________ is to prose

A

Paragraph

85
Q

Define:
Couplet

A

A stanza with two (usually rhyming) lines

86
Q

Define:
Tercet

A

A stanza with three lines (two of which often rhyme)

87
Q

Define:
Quatrain

A

A stanza with four lines

88
Q

Define:
Sestet

A

A stanza with six lines

89
Q

Define:
Rhyme Royal

A

A stanza with seven lines and the rhyme scheme ABABBCC

90
Q

Define:
Octet

A

A stanza with eight lines

91
Q

Define:
Ottava Rima

A

A stanza with eight lines and the rhyme scheme ABABABCC

92
Q

Define:
Spenserian stanza

A

The longest common stanza type in English
Consists of nine lines, the first eight iambic pentameter and the last iambic hexameter, rhyming ABABBCBCC

93
Q

What is the function(s) of stanzas?

A

Like paragraphs, stanzas group ideas and images together
Provide structure and form to a poem
Variation of stanza length can serve to draw attention to certain lines

94
Q

Longer stanzas usually give a poem a ______, ________ sound

A

Formal
Highbrow

95
Q

Shorter stanzas give a poem a ________, ______ sound

A

Succinct
Direct

96
Q

Define:
Verse

A

A single line of poetry - the basic unit of a poem

97
Q

A verse is to poetry as a ________ is to prose

A

Sentence

98
Q

What is the function(s) of verses?

A

Group words together to form ideas

My Packs: School (Grade 12 Semester 1) (8 decks)

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