eng211 ch.1

Question 1

linguistic competence

Answer 1

what we know when we know a language, the unconscious knowledge that speaker has about their native language

Question 2

linguistic preformance

Answer 2

the observable use of language. the actualization of ones linguistic competence

Question 3

performance error

Answer 3

mistake or slip of the tongue in speakers linguistic performance

Question 4

speech communication chain steps

Answer 4

think of what to say, pick words to express ideas, put words in order following rules of language, figure out how to pronounce words, send info to your vocal anatomy, send sound through air, listener or preciever listens to sound, decodes it as language, listener receives communicated idea.

linguistic level
physiological level
acoustic level
physiological level
linguistic level

Question 5

noise

Answer 5

interference in the communication chain

Question 6

lexicon

Answer 6

the collection of all the words you know, what function they serve, and how to use them.

the size of the persons language capacity….

Question 7

mental grammar

Answer 7

the mental representation of grammar. the knowledge the speaker has about the linguistic units and rules of their native language.

Question 8

language variation

Answer 8

the property of languages having the different ways to express the same meaning in different contexts according to factors such as geography social class gender ect…

Question 9

descriptive grammar

Answer 9

objective description of a speakers knowledge of a language, competence based on their use of the language.

Question 10

evidence that writing & language are not the same.

list 4

Answer 10

1. writing is a physical medium different from sound
2. writing can be edited
3. writing must be taught and language is naturally acquired
4. writing came after spoken language writing has only been around about 6000 years and language as far back as hundreds of thousands of years

Question 11

prescribe

Answer 11

the rules of how to speak or write.

to be told or prescribed

Question 12

modality

Answer 12

a form of conveying a message through forms other than speech like face, hand and eye guestures

Question 13

semanticity

Answer 13

is the property requiring that all signals in communication system have a meaning or function.

Question 14

mode of communication

Answer 14

the means by which messages are transmitted and received.

Question 15

pragmatic function

Answer 15

communication systems must serve a purpose.

example; hungry man asks for food

Question 16

cultural transmission

Answer 16

we can only acquire aspects of language through communicative interaction (practice with someone who speaks it)

Question 17

interchangeability

Answer 17

being able to speak and receive messages through language

Question 18

arbitrariness

Answer 18

the words of a language represents a connection between a group of sound or signs which give the word its form & meaning which the form can be said to represent.
connection between form and meaning

Question 19

linguistic sign

Answer 19

form and meaning of a word is a linguistic sign

Question 20

nonabitrariness

Answer 20

direct correspondence between the physical properties of a form and the meaning that the form refers to (opposite of arbitrary)

Question 21

convention

Answer 21

something thats established commonly agreed upon or operating in a common way according to common practice

Question 22

Iconic

Answer 22

relationship between form and meaning such that the form of a word bears a resemblance to its meaning.

Question 23

conventionalzed

Answer 23

something thats established commonly agreed upon or operating in a common way according to common practice

Question 24

discretness

Answer 24

the property of language that allows us to combine together discrete units in order to create a larger communicative unit.

Question 25

displacement

Answer 25

is the ability of a language to communicate about things, actions, and ideas that are not present in space or time while speakers are communicating.

Question 26

productivity

Answer 26

languages capacity for novel messages to be built up out of discrete units

Question 27

prescriptive grammar

Answer 27

how the speakers ought to speak, the rules of the language.

Question 28

sound symbolism

Answer 28

phenomenon by which certain sounds are evocative of a particular meaning.
ex a cats meow….

Question 29

myths about sign languages

list 4

Answer 29

1. sign languages come from spoken languages
2. sign is manual codes-drawing on air
3. only one sign language used by deaf population
4. no grammar in sign language

Question 30

reasons people believe writing is superior to speech

list 3

Answer 30

1. writing must be taught not naturally occurs
2. neurolingustics evidence the brain uses more parts when writing verses speaking.
3. writing dosnt exist everywhere, there is places that haven’t developed written form

Question 31

Charles Hocketts nine design features

to be considered a language

Answer 31

1. semanticity
2. arbitrariness
3. discreteness
4. displacement
5. productivity
6. traditional or cultural transmission
7. duality of patterning
8. prevarication
9. reflexiveness
10. learnability