eng midterm

Question 1

criticizing/discrediting an argument mainly based on (assumptions about) the person saying it

Answer 1

Ad Hominem

Question 2

Someone who should know something about a topic makes a claim, but doesnt make that person right in this particular instance.

Answer 2

Argument from False Authority

Question 3

If it hasn’t been proven false, it must be true
If it hasn’t been proven true, it must be false

Answer 3

Appeal to Ignorance

Question 4

Circular logic that assumes false ideas are true to prove a point, keeps returning to the original information/point in question

Answer 4

Begging the question

Question 5

Forming a conclusion based on partial evidence, or assuming one is true of all

Answer 5

Hasty Generalization

Question 6

A statement that doesn’t follow, no real logical connection between two statements; could be related in subject matter, but doesn’t even have to be

Answer 6

Non-Sequitur

Question 7

Presenting the notion that only two extreme options exist, no middle ground

Answer 7

False Dichotomy

Question 8

The worst will result from small changes

Answer 8

Slippery Slope

Question 9

Setting up a cause/effect relationship when a definite correlation cannot be proven

Answer 9

Faulty Causality

Question 10

Assuming that A caused B simple because A happened prior to B

Answer 10

Post Hoc

Question 11

Oversimplification of one’s argument that makes it easier to attack

Answer 11

Straw Man argument

Question 12

A distraction to shift attention from the issue at hand

Answer 12

Red Herring

Question 13

Appeals to the hearts of people and gets them emotionally involved

Answer 13

Sentimental Appeals

Question 14

Ad Miseridordiam

Answer 14

Pity

Question 15

Persuading readers by frightening/threatening them (Ad Baculum)

Answer 15

Scare Tactic

Question 16

Peer pressure; encourages people to agree with reasons because many others do (Ad Populum)

Answer 16

Bandwagon

Question 17

Appeals to specific demographic of Bandwagon- identify with place in society

Answer 17

Snob Appeal/ Plain Folk

Question 18

Speaker assumes he is best and that is why he is right;

Answer 18

Dogmatism

Question 19

Lying by omission, deliberately hiding the entire truth

Answer 19

Equivocation

Question 20

misleading comparison between two things, bad metaphor

Answer 20

Faulty Analogy (False Equivalence)

Question 21

Justifying an error in reasoning by pointing out that one’s opponent has made the same error

Answer 21

Tu Quoque

Question 22

Perceived controversial behaviors or feelings are explained in a rational or logical manner to avoid the true explanation

Answer 22

Rationalization

Question 23

An unfair attempt to make someone responsible for the beliefs or actions of others

Answer 23

Guilt by Association