ENG: Chap 2

Question 1

Articulary phonetics

Answer 1

Subfield of phonetics concerned with the production of speech sounds

Question 2

Articulation

Answer 2

The motion or positioning of some part of the vocal tract (often, but not always, a muscular part such as the tongue or lips) with respect to some other surface of the vocal tract in the production of a speech sound

Question 3

Approximant

Answer 3

Consonant sound produced by constriction of the vocal tract that is not narrow enough to block the vocal tract or cause turbulence; can be subdivided into liquids and glides

Question 4

Alveolar

Answer 4

Sound produced by raising the front of the tongue toward the front of the upper alveolar ridge

Question 5

Airstream mechanism

Answer 5

Any of the various ways to produce a stream of moving air through vocal tract for the production of speech sounds, Some major mechanisms are pulmonic, glottalic, and velar; each may be produced with an egressive or an ingressive airstream

Question 6

Affricate

Answer 6

Sound produced by complete obstruction of the airflow followed by a slight release of the obstruction, allowing frication. An affricate can be thought of as a combination of a stop and a fricative

Question 7

Bilabial

Answer 7

Sound produced by bringing both lips together

Question 8

Labiodental

Answer 8

Sound produced by making contact between the lower lop and the upper teeth

Question 9

Interdental

Answer 9

Sound produced by positioning the tip of the tongue between the upper lip and lower teeth

Question 10

Velar

Answer 10

Sound produced by raising the back of the tongue toward the velum

Question 11

Palatal

Answer 11

Sound made by raising the body of the tongue toward the hard part of the roof of the mouth

Question 12

Glottal

Answer 12

Sounds produced by the larynx

Question 13

Fricatives

Answer 13

Sound made by forming a nearly complete obstruction of the tongue us held in the front of the oral cavity

Question 14

Retroflex

Answer 14

Sound produced by curling the tip of the tongue back behind the alveolar ridge, usually to the top of the mouth

Question 15

Glides

Answer 15

Sound produced with only a slight closure of the articulators and that requires some movement of the articulators during production

Question 16

Flap

Answer 16

A sound produced by bringing two articulators together very quickly

Question 17

Trill

Answer 17

Sound produced by bringing two articulators together in a series of quick taps

Question 18

Intonation

Answer 18

Commonly refers to the pattern of pitch movements across a stretch of speech such as a sentence. The meaning of a sentence can depend on the intonation contour of the sentence

Question 19

Formants

Answer 19

Resonant frequency that amplifies some groups of harmonics above others; appears as a dark band on a spectrogram

Question 20

Primes

Answer 20

With regard to visual-gestural languages, a fundamental element, equivalent in many ways to a phoneme in an auditory-vocal language, with the exception that primes are produced simultaneously, whereas phonemes can be produced only sequentially