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GCSE Geography > Energy & Water > Flashcards

Energy & Water Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary source of energy for the Earth’s climate system?

A

The Sun.

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2
Q

True or False: Renewable energy sources can be replenished naturally.

A

True.

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3
Q

What type of energy is derived from the heat of the Earth’s interior?

A

Geothermal.

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4
Q

What are the two main types of energy resources?

A

Renewable and non-renewable.

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5
Q

Which of the following is a non-renewable energy source? A) Solar B) Wind C) Coal D) Biomass

A

C) Coal.

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6
Q

Define ‘water scarcity.’

A

A situation where the demand for water exceeds the available supply.

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7
Q

Which energy source is most associated with carbon emissions?

A

Fossil fuels.

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8
Q

True or False: Hydropower is considered a renewable energy source.

A

True.

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9
Q

What does the term ‘energy efficiency’ refer to?

A

Using less energy to provide the same service.

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10
Q

What is the main purpose of a dam in hydropower generation?

A

To store water and regulate its flow.

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11
Q

Which country is the largest producer of solar energy?

A

China.

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12
Q

What is desalination?

A

The process of removing salt from seawater to make it drinkable.

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13
Q

True or False: Wind energy is a type of renewable energy.

A

True.

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14
Q

What is the main environmental impact of fossil fuel extraction?

A

Air pollution - emissions of co2,methane, cnc’s and habitat destruction.

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15
Q

Which gas is primarily responsible for climate change?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2).

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16
Q

What is the effect of the warming of Earth’s surface?

A

Greenhouse effect.

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17
Q

What is the term for the maximum amount of water vapor that air can hold at a given temperature?

A

Saturation point.

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18
Q

Which type of renewable energy harnesses the kinetic energy of moving water?

A

Hydropower.

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19
Q

What is the primary method of water distribution in agriculture?

A

irrigation.

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20
Q

Where does Biomass energy come from?

A

living or recently living organisms.

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21
Q

What is the term for the gradual depletion of water resources?

A

Water stress.

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22
Q

Which industry sector is the largest consumer of freshwater globally?

A

Agriculture.

23
Q

Which energy source is generated from the natural movement of air?

24
Q

Name some factors that affect water shortages

A

-Population increase
-Level of development
-Temperatures
-Rivers
-Pollution
-Economic activities
-Evaporation rates

25
Why is access to safe water better in some countries than in others?
limited infrastructures
26
Impacts of water shortages
- lack of sanitation and water borne disease - lack of water for irrigation - conflicts between/within countries -expensive to import water, economic struggle
27
Advantages of water supply being Rivers, lakes and other bodies of water
- Naturally available - Easy to access and distribute to users - Dams and reservoirs can be built for water storage
28
Disadvantages of water supply being Rivers, lakes and other bodies of water
- May become polluted in LEDC’S and may contain water borne diseases such as cholera
29
Advantages of water supply being Wells and bore holes
- naturally purified water though filtration - can exist in arid area where there is limited surface water
30
Disadvantages of water supply being wells and boreholes
- costly - limited in quantity - can’t sustain large populations or agriculture
31
Advantages of water supply being Desalination plants
Supply is virtually unlimited ( sea water )
32
Disadvantages of water supply being desalination plants
- extremely expensive - energy consuming -some countries are landlocked
33
Advantages of water supply being rainwater harvesting
Water is very pure
34
Disadvantages of water supply being Rainwater harvesting
- Rain is unpredictable - it can be difficult to store
35
Advantages of water supply being water condensing
- water is very pure - Technology is cheap and simple
36
Disadvantages of water supply being rainwater harvesting
May only provide small quantities of water
37
How could water companies, Industry, and agriculture reduce water use
- repair leaks - change to more efficient methods of irrigation - recycle their water (grey water) - companies can install water tracking meters
38
How people in MEDC’S could conserve water
- turn tap off while brushing teeth - reusing water by putting bath water in plants - Shallower bath - harvesting rainwater to use in the garden - use dual flush toilets that require less water
39
What percentage of the world doesn’t have clean water
70%
40
Advantages and disadvantages of solar energy
- affordable - low maintenance costs -weather dependant - high installation costs
41
Advantages and disadvantages of wind energy
-created well paid jobs - cheapest form of renewable energy - May disrupt wildlife - produces noise pollution
42
Advantages and disadvantages of Hydroelectric Power
- reliable/ consistent - long lifespan - high initial costs -aquatic life disrupted
43
Advantages and disadvantages of tidal energy
- predictable tides - no greenhouse gases - expensive to build - limited locations
44
Advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy
- long lasting & safe - always available - limited locations - greenhouse emissions during construction
45
Advantages and disadvantages of Biomass energy
- easily accessible - reduces and waste & landfill - uses lots of land/may increase deforestation - produces co2
46
Advantages and disadvantages of Wave energy
- efficient - high energy potential - expensive to build and maintain - disrupts marine life
47
Ways to reduce global warming
- technological solutions such as carbon capture - increase afforestation- decrease deforestation - efficient lightbulbs and better insulation in homes - sustainable transport such as bikes - recycle waste rather than landfill - use renewable energy
48
What are the 4 greenhouse gases
- Carbon dioxide - Methane - nitrous oxide - F-gases
49
Advantages and disadvantages of Nuclear energy
- low production costs - no greenhouse gases - worries over radiation - land cannot be used for many years after closure -not renewable
50
Advantages and disadvantages of coal
- cheap to mine - lasts longer than oil and gas - non renewable - produces co2
51
Advantages and disadvantages of oil
-easy to transport by pipeline or tanker - less polluting than coal or gas - oil spills can kill wildlife - oil production I’d limited to a few countries in the world
52
Advantages and disadvantages of gas
- less expensive than oil and coal - accessible worldwide - can be dangerous (explosions) - non renewable
53
Factors affecting Energy consumption
- increasing population - countries developing/industrialising - increased domestic energy e.g. lights, phones - increased car ownerships - increased tourism and flights
54

GCSE Geography (12 decks)

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