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Mrs. C's 4th Grade Class > Energy Unit > Flashcards

Energy Unit Flashcards

1
Q

energy

A

the ability to do work or make things happen

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2
Q

What are the two types of energy?

A

potential and kinetic energy

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3
Q

Kinetic energy

A

moving energy

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4
Q

Potential energy

A

stored energy; anything that has mass and takes up space has this type of energy

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5
Q

What are the 5 forms of energy?

A

M.E.L.T.S. Mechanical, Electrical, Light, Thermal or Heat, and Sound Energy: forms are specific types of energy

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6
Q

Is transferring energy the same thing as transforming it?

A

No, transfer means to move it from one place to another. Transform means to convert it or change it to another form of energy.

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7
Q

Does toilet paper have energy?

A

Yes, it has mass and takes up space, and it has the “potential” to be thrown, kicked, slid…

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8
Q

Mechanical Energy

A

form of energy that is the sum of potential and kinetic energy; the energy of moving parts examples might be: swinging a hammer, pedaling a bike, running…

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9
Q

Electrical Energy

A

electricity ( the flow of electrons); energy contained within an electrical field

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10
Q

conductors

A

items that allow heat and electricity to flow easily through them

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11
Q

Examples of good conductors

A

metals (copper, aluminum, silver)

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12
Q

Examples of good insulators

A

air, glass, plastic, and rubber

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13
Q

insulators

A

materials that heat or electricity don’t flow easily through

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14
Q

T or F Good insulators are bad conductors.

A

True. Good conductors are also bad insulators. Certain materials are better for heat or electricity to move through. Oftentimes, copper wire is coated in plastic, so we don’t get electrocuted nor burnt.

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15
Q

T or F Electricity can be stored, but not transferred.

A

False. Static electricity is electricity that has been stored and released due to an imbalance of electrons. Electricity can be transferred from one object to another or from place to place.

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16
Q

electric current

A

the movement of charges

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17
Q

electric circuit

A

the path for moving charges; can be open or closed

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18
Q

closed circuit

A

a complete or closed path that current can flow through

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19
Q

open circuit

A

an incomplete or open path that current cannot flow through

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20
Q

Light Energy

A

energy that you can see; it travels in waves

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21
Q

How do we create different colors?

A

shorter or longer wavelengths

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22
Q

How do we change the brightness of a color?

A

taller or shorter amplitudes of waves

23
Q

Light Energy Examples

A

We have man-made and natural light resources.
Man-made: light bulb, fire, car headlights
Natural: Sunlight, stars

24
Q

Heat Energy

A

energy that you can feel. It is associated with temperature and the movement of atoms in matter; it also travels in waves

25
Q

cold

A

slower vibrations with few gaps; they clump or group together

26
Q

hot

A

faster vibrations with gaps; they spread out more and want their space

27
Q

vibrate

A

move back and forth quickly

28
Q

heat

A

the transfer of thermal energy

29
Q

temperature

A

how warm or cool something is

30
Q

heating

A

adding or transferring thermal energy to a substance

31
Q

cooling

A

removing heat from a substance

32
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solid, liquid, gas; how matter decides to take up space

33
Q

Solid

A

particles are packed closely together and have a fixed shape and volume

34
Q

Liquid

A

particles that can move freely and take up the space of the container, and the volume always stays the same

35
Q

Gas

A

can change its volume and shape; lots of separation, and they can move like crazy

36
Q

Melting

A

when something changes from a solid to a liquid; think of a melting ice cube

37
Q

Condensation

A

when something changes from a gas to a liquid; think of a glass sweating

38
Q

Evaporation

A

when something changes from a liquid to a gas; water boils and disappears into the air

39
Q

Freezing

A

when something changes from a liquid to a solid; like making ice cubes ( pour water, then put it into the freezer)

40
Q

T or F Heat transfers or moves from something hot to something cold.

A

True. Think about when Harry’s hand got burned. The heat from the doorknob went to his hand which was colder than the doorknob and burnt it.

41
Q

What are the three ways that heat energy can be transferred?

A

conduction, convection, radiation

42
Q

Conduction

A

heat energy is transferred by direct contact; this is why you don’t touch your mom’s hair straightener or iron on the metal

43
Q

Convection

A

heat energy is transferred in liquid or gas through a continuous cycle or circular motion as temperatures change; the energy travels away from the heat source

44
Q

Radiation

A

heat transfer through waves without direct contact (in-direct contact)

45
Q

As temperature increases…

A

kinetic energy increases, or more heat equals more moving energy

46
Q

Mrs. C took her pan of hot cookies out of the oven and forgot her pot holder. She burned her hands. Was she burnt due to conduction or radiation?

A

Conduction. I was in direct contact with that pan. I should have used a pot holder as an insulator to block the heat.

47
Q

Sound Energy

A

energy that we can hear; sound is created with vibrations

48
Q

T or F Sound waves travel in one direction.

A

False. Sound waves travel in all directions.

49
Q

T or F Sound waves need air or water to travel through.

A

True. Without air or some other type of medium, we wouldn’t have sound. This is why we can’t hear a BOOM in space. Sound waves can’t travel through empty space without particles of some sort.

50
Q

The faster an object is going…

A

the more energy it possesses.

51
Q

Batteries

A

store energy & change it from one form of energy to another

52
Q

solar cell

A

converts light energy to electrical energy

53
Q

T or F Heat, light, and sound can transfer energy from place to place.

A

True. All of these use waves to transfer energy.

Mrs. C's 4th Grade Class (27 decks)

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