Energy Transfers - Respiration And Photosynthesis Flashcards
What are the 3 stages of respiration
Glycolysis
Link reaction and Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
What is the glycolysis
In cytoplasm of cell
Glucose phosphorylated (oxidised) using phosphate groups form two molecule sof ATP (ATP hydrolysed into ADP and Pi)
This forms an unstable intermediate which breaks down into TP (triose phosphate )
Hydrogen is removed from TP to convert it into pyruvate (TP is oxidised)
Hydrogen is transferred to a coenzyme called NAD to form reduced reduced NAD (NADH)
NADH is use in the last stage of aerobic repsiration
Triose phosphate is converted into 2 pyruvate
(Net gain of 2 ATP)
Phosphorylation of glucose using ATP;
Oxidation of triose phosphate to pyruvate;
Accept removal of hydrogen from triose phosphate for oxidation.
Net gain of ATP;
Accept any description that indicates a net gain e.g., 4 produced, 2 used.
NAD reduced;
Outline the link reaction
Mitochondrial matrix
Pyruvate -> acetate
Lots sof co2, and 2H (form reduced NAD)
Acetate +coenzyme A -> acetyl CoA
Outline the link reaction
Mitochondrial matrix
Pyruvate -> acetate
Lots sof co2, and 2H (form reduced NAD)
Acetate +coenzyme A -> acetyl CoA
Outline the Krebs cycle
Acetyl coA form the link reaction reacts with a 4 carbon molecule (oxaloacetate)
6 carbon molecule formed (citrate )
Carbon and hydrogen removed from citrate forming CO2 and NADH
Citrate converted into a 5C molecule
5 carbon -> 4 carbon
ATP, 2 molecule of NADH, one molecule of FAD and CO2
Outline oxidative phosphorylation
Inner mitochondrial matrix
Reduced NAD and reduced FAD release hydrogen atoms (oxidised)
Hydrogen atoms split into hydrogen ions and electron
Electrons pass onto electron carrier (electorn transport chain) - proteins reduces
Embedded din the inner mitochondrial matrix
Lose energy- energy used to pump hydrogen ions form the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane
Hydrogen ions accumulate in the inter membrane space - creates a proton gradient
Hydrogen ions flow back to eh matrix through ATP synthase. Uses movement of hydrogen ions to add a phosphate group onto ADP to form ATP (chemiosmosis)
Pass edit oxygen at the end (final electorn acceptor )
1/2 o2 + 2e- + 2H+ -> H2O
What are 3 stages of photosynthesis
Capturing light energy
Light-dependent
Light-independent
What are the adaptations of leaves to maximise absorption of light
Large sa
Overlapping minimised
Thin
Transparent cuticle and epidermis
Long, narrow- packed tightly
Describe the light dependent reaction
Fed
What is photolysis
Cf
What is photoionisation
Cn
What is chemiosis
Fv
Describe the light - independent reaction
,h
What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis
.kjblg
