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Physics Unit 1 > Energy Transfer > Flashcards

Energy Transfer Flashcards

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1
Q

When do liquids and gases expand?

A

When they are heated.

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2
Q

What does the kinetic particle theory explain?

A

The properties of the different states of matter.

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3
Q

When does the rate of evaporation increase?

A

If the temperature of the liquid is increased. Or if the surface area of the liquid is increased or if air is moving over the surface of the liquid.

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4
Q

How does heat energy move?

A

Conduction

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5
Q

What is specific heat capacity of a substance?

A

The amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1 degrees C.

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6
Q

What is temperature?

A

A measure of how hot something is. It is measured in degrees C.

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7
Q

What does it mean to emit energy?

A

Give out energy

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8
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Evaporation involves a liquid changing to a gas.

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9
Q

What kind of surfaces are better at absorbing light?

A

Dark, matt surfaces.

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10
Q

Explain the arrangement and movement of particles in liquids.

A

They are close together and are randomly spaced. They move around each other.

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11
Q

Name some properties of gases and why they are like this.

A

They flow and completely fill their container. They are like this because the particles can move quickly in all directions. They can be compressed or squashed. They are like this because the particles are far apart and have space to move into.

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12
Q

If a material has a high U-value, is it a good heat insulator?

A

No. The lower the U-value is, the better the material is as a heat insulator.

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13
Q

What are evaporation and condensation?

A

Changes of state

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14
Q

What is heat?

A

A measure of the thermal energy contained in an object. It is measured in Joules.

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15
Q

Explain the arrangement and movement of particles in gas.

A

They are far apart and randomly spread. They move quickly in any direction.

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16
Q

Name some of the properties of solids and why they are like this.

A

They have a fixed shape and cannot flow. They are like this because the particles cannot move from place to place. They cannot be compressed or squashed. They are like this because the particles are squashed and have no space to move into.

17
Q

Explain the arrangement and movement of particles in solids.

A

They are close together and have a regular pattern. They vibrate about in a fixed position.

18
Q

What are U-values?

A

U-values measure the effectiveness of a material as an insulator in buildings.

19
Q

What is another name for thermal radiation?

A

Infrared radiation.

20
Q

How can heat be transferred from place to place?

A

Conduction, convection and radiation.

21
Q

When does the rate of condensation increase?

A

The rate of condensation increases if the temperature of the gas is decreased.

22
Q

What is payback time of an energy-saving solution?

A

A measure of how cost-effective it is. The payback time will be shortest if the cost of installation is low compared to the savings made each year.

23
Q

What is the equation to calculate payback time?

A

payback time (years)= cost of installation (£) divided by savings per year in fuel costs (£)

24
Q

What is condensation?

A

Condensation involves a gas changing to a liquid.

25
Q

When does convection occur?

A

Convection occurs when particles with a lot of heat energy in a liquid or gas move and take the place of particles with less heat energy. Heat energy is transferred from hot places to cooler places by convection.

26
Q

Name some of the properties of liquids and why they are like this.

A

They flow and take the shape of their container. They are like this because the particles move around each other. They cannot be compressed or squashed. They are like this because the particles are close together and have no space to move into.

27
Q

What is the difference between non-metals, gases and metals?

A

Metals are good conductors of heat but non-metals and gases are usually poor conductors of heat.

28
Q

How is radiation different to conduction and convection?

A

It can pass through the vacuum of space.

29
Q

Why does water have such a high specific heat capacity?

A

Water has a particularly high specific heat capacity. This makes water useful for storing heat energy, and for transporting it around the home using central heating pipes.

30
Q

What are the nine types of energy?

A

Electrical - Whenever a current flows
Light - From the sun, light bulbs etc.
Sound - From loudspeakers or anything that emits sound
Kinetic or movement - Anything that moves
Nuclear - Released only from nuclear reactions
Thermal or heat - Flows from hot objects to colder ones
Gravitational potential energy - Possessed by anything which can fall
Elastic potential energy - Stretched springs, elastic, rubber bands etc.
Chemical - Possessed by foods, fuels, batteries etc.

31
Q

List three examples of stored energy. Why are they forms of stored energy?

A

Gravitational potential energy
Elastic potential energy
Chemical energy
They are forms of stored energy because the energy is not obviously doing anything, it’s kind of waiting to happen i.e. waiting to be turned into one of the other forms.

32
Q

There are plenty of different types of energy, but they all obey a particular principle. What is it?

A

Energy can be transferred usefully from one form to another, stored or dissipated but it can never be created or destroyed.

33
Q

What does dissipated mean?

A

Dissipated is a fancy way of saying the energy is spread out and lost.

34
Q

When is the only time that energy is useful?

A

Energy is only useful when it can be converted from one form to another.

35
Q

What does a sankey diagram do?

A

Sankey diagrams summarise all the energy transfers taking place in a process. The thicker the line or arrow, the greater the amount of energy involved.

36
Q

Why do liquids and gases expand when heated?

A

The particles in liquids and gases move faster when they are hot as to when they are cold.

Physics Unit 1 (21 decks)

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