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physics paper 1 > energy topic > Flashcards

energy topic Flashcards

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1
Q

name all the energy stores

A
  • thermal energy
  • kinetic energy
  • gravitational potential
  • elastic potential
  • chemical energy
  • magnetic energy
  • electrostatic energy
  • nuclear energy
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2
Q

what is energy measured in?

A

Joules(J)

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3
Q

gravitational potential energy

A

mass x gravity x height

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4
Q

kinetic energey

A

0.5 x mass x (velocity)^2

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5
Q

elastic potential energy

A

0.5 x spring constant x (extension)^2

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6
Q

hook’s law

A

the force required to stretch an elastic object such as a metal spring is directly proportional to the extension of the spring.

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7
Q

work done

A

force x distance

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8
Q

power

A

the rate at which energy is transfered

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9
Q

efficiency def

A

a measure of how much energy is transferred usefully in a system

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10
Q

efficiency equ

A

useful energy output/ total energy input
or
useful power output/ total power input

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11
Q

what is solar power

A

works by converting light from the sun into electricity

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12
Q

solar power advantages

A
  • pollution free and emits no green house gases
  • reduces dependence on fossil fuels
  • virtually no maintenance
  • can be installed anywhere
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13
Q

solar power disadvantages

A
  • needs a lot of space
  • on cloudy days they produce little energy
  • lower production in winter months
  • usually used to produce energy on a small scale
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14
Q

solar power price

A

initial cost is high but after that the energy is free and running cost is almost nil

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15
Q

what is geothermal power

A

uses energy from underground thermal energy stores

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16
Q

geothermal advantages

A
  • reliable with very few environmental problems
  • 30%-60% savings on heating and 25%-50% savings on cooking
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17
Q

geothermal disadvantage

A
  • only possible in volcanic areas
  • large scale geothermal power plants are dangerous to the earths surface
  • the amount to build is high compared to the energy produces
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18
Q

how does geothermal energy work

A

cold water is pumped down deep into the ground where it turns into steam. then the steam in pumped back up into turbines that generate electricity

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19
Q

what is hydroelectric power

A

is a dorm of energy that harnesses the power of water in motion

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20
Q

how does hydroelectric power work

A

at hydropower plants water flows through a pipe, or penstock( controlling or directing the flow of water), then pushes against and turns blades in a turbine to spin a generator to produce electricity

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21
Q

hydroelectric power advantages

A
  • it can provide immediate response to increase demand for electricity
  • there is no problem with reliability except for in times of a drought
22
Q

hydroelectric power disadvantages

A
  • it von disrupt wildlife habitat
23
Q

hydroelectric costs

A

initial costs are high, but there are no fuel costs and minimal running costs

24
Q

how does wind power work

A

each turbine has a generator inside it. the rotating blades turn the generator to produce energy

25
Q

wind power advantages

A
  • there is no pollution except when they are manufactured
  • it is cost effective
  • no permanent damage to landscape
26
Q

wind power disadvantages

A
  • they can be very noisy
  • it would take 1500 wind turbines to replace one coal fuel power station
  • ugly
27
Q

wind power costs

A

the initial costs are quite high but there are no fuel costs and minimal running costs

28
Q

what is wave power

A

is where air is forced into a generator by the waves

29
Q

wave power advantages

A
  • there is no pollution
30
Q

wave power disadvantages

A
  • disturbing sea bed and ruining habitats
  • fairy unreliable since waves tend to die out when wind drops
31
Q

wave power costs

A

the initial costs are high but there are no fuel costs and minimal running costs

32
Q

what is tidal energy

A

tides are used lots of ways to generate electricity. the most common being tidal barrage

33
Q

was is a tidal barrage

A

is a big do

34
Q

tidal energy advantages

A
  • there is no pollution
  • the tides are pretty reliable in the sense they will happen twice a day without fail
35
Q

tidal energy disadvantages

A
  • they prevent free access by boats
  • spoil view
  • alter habitats
36
Q

tidal energy costs

A

initial costs are moderate, high but there are no fuel costs and minimal running costs

37
Q

what is biofuel

A

is any fuel that is derived from biomass

38
Q

biofuel advantages

A
  • efficient fuel
  • it is easy to source
  • reduces dependence on foreign aid
39
Q

biofuel disadvantages

A
  • industrial pollution
  • shortage of food
40
Q

biofuel costs

A

quite expensive

41
Q

conduction

A

the process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles

42
Q

convection

A

is where energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions

43
Q

specific heat capacity

A

the amount of energy required to raise 1Kg of a substance by 1 degree C

44
Q

change in thermal energy

A

mass x specific heat capacity x temp change

45
Q

density

A

mass/volume

46
Q

thermal energy store

A

the total energy of an object due to the kinetic energy of its atoms and/or molecules depending on its mass

47
Q

temperature

A

a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules

48
Q

specific latent heat of fusion

A

is the energy required to convert 1kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid or from liquid to solid without
a change in temperature

49
Q

specific latent heat of vaporisation

A

is the energy required to convert 1kg of a substance from liquid to gas or vies versa without changing the temperature

50
Q

latent heat

A

energy/mass

physics paper 1 (2 decks)

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