Energy Systems and Physical Activity

Question 1

what are they three key nutrients?

Answer 1

1. carbohydrates
2. protein
3. fats

Question 2

out of the three key nutrients, which one is our most important source of energy?

Answer 2

carbohydrates

Question 3

what is ATP?

Answer 3

the common energy molecule for all living things

Question 4

what does ATP do?

Answer 4

captures the chemical energy resulting from the breakdown of food and is then used to fuel the various cellular process in our bodies

Question 5

what is the release of energy from ATP?

Answer 5

energy is released when a trailing phosphate atom is broken from the ATP molecule, this results in ADP

Question 6

what are the two methods for reynthysizing ATP?

Answer 6

1. anaerobic (without oxygen)

2. aerobic (with oxygen)

Question 7

anaerobic energy system

Answer 7

the anaerobic energy system kicks in in the first few minutes of all exercise, before there is suffiecient oxygen available at the muscles for aerobic metabolism. it is also used for fast, powerful bursts of energy, for which the aerobic system is insufficient. there are two systems within Anaerobic metabolism, which are the ATP-PC system and the lactic acid system.

Question 8

aerobic energy system

Answer 8

aerobic metabolism means ‘with oxygen’ and occurs when energy is produced in the body from chemical reactions that use oxygen. the aerobic system produces the largest amounts of energy, although at the lowest intensity such as in long distance running. this energy production can be sustained for long periods of time as long as breathing can supply the lungs with enough oxygen

Question 9

what does metabolic pathways mean?

Answer 9

by which ATP energy reserves are restored

Question 10

what are they three metabolic pathways?

Answer 10

1. ATP-PC
2. glycolysis
3. cellular respiration

Question 11

ATP-PC

Answer 11

this pathway draws on processes deep within the muscle fibre itself. it allows for quick, intense muscle contraction

Question 12

glycolysis

Answer 12

this pathway involves the partial breakdown of glucose, with lactic acid byproduct. it does not involve oxygen and allows for longer bursts of energy

Question 13

cellular respiration

Answer 13

the main source of energy during endurance events. it involves oxygen and the complete breakdown of glucose. it yields large amounts of ATP

Question 14

ATP-PC in sports

Answer 14

1. sprints
2. high jump
3. weight lifting

Question 15

glycolysis in sports

Answer 15

1. medium distance track

2. speed skating

Question 16

cellular respiration in sports

Answer 16

1. marathon runners