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A Level - Exercise Physiology > Energy Systems > Flashcards

Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is Chemical Energy?

A

Energy stored within the bonds of chemical compounds

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2
Q

What is Potential energy?

A

‘Stored’ energy which is ready to be used when required

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3
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy in the form of muscle contraction/ joint movement

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4
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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5
Q

What enzyme is ATP broken down by?

A

ATPase

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6
Q

Define the term ‘Energy’

A

The ability to perform work or put mass into motion

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7
Q

Define the term ‘Work’

A

When force is applied to a body to move it over a certain distance (force x distance moved)

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8
Q

Define the term ‘Power’

A

The rate at which work can be done (work / time)

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9
Q

What unit is energy measure in?

A

Joules or Calories

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10
Q

What is the unit of measurement for work?

A

Joules

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11
Q

what is the unit of measurement for Power?

A

Watts

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12
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

A chemical reaction that requires energy to be added for it to progress

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13
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

A chemical reaction that releases energy as it progresses

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14
Q

What is meant by the term ‘Coupled reaction’?

A

When the products from one reaction, such as energy, are then used in another reaction

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15
Q

Identify the 3 ways ATP can be resynthesised

A

ATP/PC system, Lactic Acid system, Aerobic System

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16
Q

What is the only usable source of energy for muscles to work?

A

ATP

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17
Q

How long can your stores of ATP in your muscles last for before they need to be replenished?

A

2-3 seconds

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18
Q

Which 2 energy systems are Anaerobic?

A

ATP/PC and Lactic acid

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19
Q

Which system requires oxygen to work?

A

Aerobic system

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20
Q

Where in the muscle does the ATP/PC system work?

A

Sacroplasm

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21
Q

What is PC broken down by?

A

Creatine Kinase

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22
Q

What type of reaction is the breakdown of PC?

A

Exothermic

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23
Q

How many ATP can be resynthesized by breaking down 1 PC molecule?

A

1 ATP per PC

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24
Q

How long can the PC stores be used to replenish ATP?

A

3-10 seconds

25
Q

What does Yield mean?

A

How many ATP are produced

26
Q

What does ‘threshold’ mean?

A

How long the system can be used to replenish ATP for

27
Q

How long does it take to replenish PC stores after exercise?

A

50% in 30 seconds, 98% in about 3 - 5 minutes

28
Q

What is the fuel for the ATP/PC system?

A

Phosphocreatine (PC)

29
Q

What is the fuel for the Lactic Acid System?

A

Glucose / Glycogen

30
Q

What is the first stage of the lactic acid system?

A

Anaerobic glycolysis

31
Q

Which enzyme breaks down glucose?

A

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

32
Q

How many ATP are produced in glycolysis?

33
Q

What is the yield for the Lactic Acid System?

A

2 ATP per glucose molecule

34
Q

Which enzyme turns pyruvic acid into lactic acid if oxygen isn’t present?

A

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

35
Q

What is the threshold for the lactic acid system?

A

2-3 minutes

36
Q

What does OBLA stand for?

A

Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation

37
Q

What term is given to the breakdown of Glycogen to Glucose?

A

Glycogen Phosphorylase

38
Q

What is the yield for the Aerobic system?

A

38 ATP per glucose molecule

39
Q

What is the energy yield for the Krebs cycle

40
Q

What is the energy yield for the Electron Transport Chain

41
Q

What is the site of reaction for the Krebs cycle?

A

Matrix of the Mitochondria

42
Q

What is the site of reaction for the Electron Transport Chain?

A

Cristae of the Mitochondria

43
Q

What are the 2 coenzymes involved in the Electron Transport Chain?

A

NAD and FAD

44
Q

What are the byproducts of the Aerobic energy system?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

45
Q

Which energy system is predominantly used by a 100m sprinter?

46
Q

Which energy system is predominantly used by an 800m sprinter

A

Lactic acid

47
Q

Which energy system is predominantly used by a marathon runner?

A

Aerobic system

48
Q

Nae the 2 stages of the recovery process

A

Alactacid (rapid recovery) and Lactacid (slow recovery stage)

49
Q

What does EPOC stand for?

A

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

50
Q

What is replenished in the Alactacid stage of recovery?

A

Muscle stores of ATP and PC and of oxygen levels in myoglobin and haemoglobin

51
Q

How many litres of oxygen is required for the Alactacid stage of recovery?

A

3-4 litres

52
Q

How long does the Alactacid stage of recovery take?

A

About 3 minutes to fully restore ATP/PC levels

50% are replenished in about 30 seconds

53
Q

In which stage of recovery is lactic acid removed?

54
Q

How can lactic acid be removed?

A

1) converted to pyruvic acid then enters the krebs cycle to be used as a metabolic fuel
2) converted to glycogen/glucose
3) converted to protein

55
Q

How many litres of oxygen does the Lactacid stage of recovery require?

A

5-8 litres

56
Q

How long does the Lactacid stage of recovery take?

A

1 - 24 hours depending on the intensity and amount of lactic acid to be removed

57
Q

How is carbon dioxide removed in the recovery process?

A

1) it combines with blood plasma (water) as carbonic acid
(H2CO3)
2) it combines with haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemoglobin (HbCO2)
where it;s carried to the lungs and expired

58
Q

During which stage of the recovery process are muscle and liver glycogen stores replenished?

A

Lactacid stage

A Level - Exercise Physiology (6 decks)

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