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PE Physiology > Energy Systems > Flashcards

Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Where are carbs stored?

A

Liver and muscles

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2
Q

What are fats absorbed as ?

Where?

A

As fatty acids in the small intestine?

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3
Q

What are fats stored as?

A

Triglycerides

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4
Q

What food fuel is used at rest?

A

ATP stores

Fats and carbs

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5
Q

What food fuels are used at high intensity short duration?

A

ATP used quickly
PC provided ATP re synthesis
Glycogen stores used

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6
Q

What food fuel is used in low intensity, high duration?

A

Carbs and fats

ATP regenerated from fats

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7
Q

What is glycogen sparing?

A

Using fats earlier
Conserve glycogen stores
Only release carbs at higher intensity work

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8
Q

What is carboloading?

A

Raise glycogen stores above normal levels

  • before endurance event
  • deplete before and prolong exercise
  • reflection of carbs
  • light exercise and rest
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9
Q

What nutrition should be consumed before an event?

A

Fluids
Complex carbs
Fruit and small amount of glucose

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10
Q

What nutrition should be consumed during an event?

A

Isotonic drinks with sodium and glucose

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11
Q

What nutrition should be consumed after an event?

A

Hypertonic drinks

High carbohydrate meal

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12
Q

What is bonking?

A

Hitting the wall, when all muscle glycogen is depleted

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13
Q

What does low GI food do ?

A

Provides energy slowly

Good for before exercise

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14
Q

What does food high in GI do?

A

Energy quickly
Easy to digest
During exercise

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15
Q

How long does ATP store supply last for?

A

2-3 seconds

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16
Q

How long does the ATP/PC system last for?

A

3-10 seconds

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17
Q

What is the coupled reaction?

A

Phosphocreatine breaks to phosphate + creatine + energy

Energy + ADP + phosphate = ATP

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18
Q

What enzyme aids the rest thesis of ATP from PC?

A

Creatine kinase

19
Q

Advantages of ATP PC system?

A

Quick
Don’t need oxygen
PC stores recovered quickly

20
Q

Disadvantages of ATP PC system?

A

Lasts for short time

Re synthesis of PC only occurs when oxygen is present

21
Q

How long does the lactic acid system last?

A

Between 30-60 seconds

22
Q

Process or glycolysis?

A

Glucose to glucose -6-phosphate to pyruvate

23
Q

What enzymes aid glycolysis?

A

Glucose phosphorylase

Phosphofructokinase

24
Q

What aids pyruvate to lactate?

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

25
Q

What happens if continued exercise in lactate system?

A

OBLA

fatigue and pain

26
Q

What is OBLA?

A

Point at which blood lactate begins to accumulate

Between 2 and 4 mmol

27
Q

Advantages of lactate system?

A

ATP re synthesised quickly
Lactate converted back during rest
Extra burst of energy

28
Q

Disadvantages of lactate system?

A

Accumulation of lactic acid

Only small amounts of energy released from glycogen without oxygen

29
Q

Process of the kreb’s cycle?

A 
Pyruvate + coA
Acetyl coA to citric acid 
Citric acid + 4C molecule 
Co2 released, ATP released
H and e ions into electron t chain
30
Q

Long term adaption of aerobic exercise?

A

Bigger and stronger heart
Increase efficiency of cardiovascular system
More haemoglobin
More myoglobin and mitochondria

31
Q

Advantages of aerobic system?

A

Lots of ATP re synthesis
Exercise can last a long time
No fatigue products produced

32
Q

Disadvantages of aerobic system?

A

-takes time for oxygen to become available
No energy to re synthesis ATP in short duration
Bonking could occur

33
Q

What is EPOC?

A

Excess post oxygen consumption

- volume of oxygen consumed during recovery above normal levels when resting

34
Q

What is oxygen deficit?

A

Volume of extra oxygen needed to complete the activity aerobic ally

35
Q

What does the fast replenishment stage involve?

A
  • 2-3 minutes
  • use 4 litres of O2
  • convert ADP to PC +’ATP
  • 100% in 120 minutes
  • myoglobin re saturated with oxygen
36
Q

What does the slow replenishment stage contain?

A
  • 2 hours
  • 5-10 litres of oxygen
  • removes lactic acid
  • maintains high heart rate and respiratory rate
  • replenish muscle glycogen stores
  • elevate body temperature
37
Q

How is lactic acid removed?

A

Oxygen breaks it down

  • oxidised to carbon dioxide and water
  • converted to glycogen then to protein then to glucose
38
Q

What is lactate shuffle?

A

-when it’s recycled back into glycogen

39
Q

What is buffering?

A

When acid is removed from the muscles

40
Q

What are the major causes of fatigue?

A

Reduced rate of ATP re synthesis

  • glycogen depletion
  • accumulation of h + ions -acidity
  • reduced effectiveness of nerve impulses
  • reduced calcium levels - sliding filament
  • dehydration
41
Q

How to calculate respiratory exchange rate?

A

Volume co2 expired divided by volume of O2 inspired per min

42
Q

Why does vo2 max differ in different people?

A
  • gender
  • physiology
  • age
  • genetics
  • lifestyle
  • training
43
Q

Where and what as is carbs absorbed?q

A

In small intestine as glucose

PE Physiology (3 decks)

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