Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sports unit 1 > Energy systems > Flashcards

Energy systems Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What enzyme is used to break the ATP compound

A

ATPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does ATPase break ATP down into

A

ADP, inorganic phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the aerobic oxidative system

A

Most efficiency way of resynthesizing ATP with the oxidation of glucose and it overall produces 36-38ATP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is produced when fatty acids are broken down

A

Acetyl coenzyme A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is glycolysis

A
  • Its anaerobic
  • Takes place in the sarcoplasm of the muscle cell
  • Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid via the enzyme Phosphofructokinase
  • Produces 2 ATP
  • Pyruvic acid will turn into ACA
  • Then enters the Kreb cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Kreb cycle

A
  • takes place in the mitochondria
    -Produces: CO2,H20,H+ions and 2ATP
  • Hydrogen ions will enter the electron transport chain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the electron transport chain

A

-Takes place in the mitochondria
-H+ ions enter this stage
-Lots of energy is produced
- Resynthesis 32-34 more ATP
- High energy yeild

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Beta oxidation

A
  • Breakdown of fats
  • Fats must be broken down from triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids
    -Glycerol and free fatty acid go through beta oxidation
    -Once combinded with ACA it can enter the kreb cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the positives of the aerobic system

A
  • 1 molecule of glucose/fat/protein has produced 36-38 ATP
  • High energy yeild
  • Lots of energy over long period of time
  • No fatiguing by-products
  • High stores of glycogen and triglyceride exercise lasts for a long time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the negatives of the aerobic system

A
  • This system can only be used during submaximal activities E.g. Long distance cycling and running
  • Energy production is not rapid it will take minutes
  • Fatty acid transportation in muscles is low
    Fatty acids require 15% more oxygen to be broken down
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the lactate system

A
  • Produces energy for high intensity activity
  • Duration of this system depends on the fitness of the athlete
    -Also depends on the intensity of the activity
  • Resynthesis of ATP involves the breakdown of glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens in the lactate system

A
  • Takes place in the sarcoplasm
  • 2ATP is produced
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase break down

A

Glycogen into glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the enzyme phosphofructokinase break down

A

Glucose into pyruvic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase break down

A

Pyruvic acid into lactic acid

16
Q

What are the positives of the lactate system

A
  • ATP is resynthesized quickly due to fewer reactions
  • Lats longer than the ATP-PC system
    -If O2 present the lactic acid is converted back to glycogen
  • Used during a sprint finish for a extra burst of energy
17
Q

What are the negatives of the lactate system

A
  • Lactic acid is the by-product
  • Accumulation of lactic acid denatures enzymes
  • Prevents the rate at which chemical reactions can take place
  • Small energy yeild (2ATP)
  • Energy for anaerobic conditions - 5%
  • Compared to energy from aerobic conditions - 95%
18
Q

What is the ATP-PC system

A
  • ATP stored in muscles
  • Phosphocreatine is broken down quickly to resynthesise ATP
  • ATP-PC system will last for 8-10 seconds
  • Replenish itself during low intensity exercise
  • Only when O2 is present
  • Enzyme create kinase detects high lives of ADP
    -Breaks the phosphocreatine bond releasing energy
    -Energy used to convert ADP to ATP
  • Every molecule of PC broken down 1 ATP is resynthesised
19
Q

What are the advantages of ATP-PC system

A
  • Energy released quickly
    ATP resynthsised quickly
  • High intensity exercise can be repeated after short recovery
  • No waste products
20
Q

What are the disadvantages of the ATP-PC system

A
  • Limited stores of PC
  • High intensity exercise can only last 8-10 seconds
  • Fully recovery takes up to 2-3 minutes
21
Q

What are the adaptations of the energy systems

A
  • Increased creatine stores (ATP-PC)
  • Increased tolerance to lactic acid (Anaerobic glycolytic)
  • Improved aerobic energy system (Aerobic system)
  • Increased use of fats as an energy store (aerobic system)
  • Increased storage of glycogen and number of mitochondria (aerobic )
22
Q

What is increased creatine stores

A
  • Short duration/High intensity training will improve your ability to produce anaerobic energy
  • Body adapts by being able to store more creatine in muscles
    -Improves ATP-PC system
  • Result : Exercise anaerobically (higher intensity) for a long duration and faster and ,more powerful repeated movements
23
Q

What is increased tolerance to lactic acid

A
  • Anaerobic training makes us better able to tolerate lactic acid
  • Endurance training extends capillary networks.
    Allowing greater amounts of blood to supply the muscles with oxygen and nutrients
    -Body becomes more efficient at using oxygen.
  • Able to oxidise pyruvic acid more consistently
24
Q

What is improved aerobic energy system

A
  • Long term exercise will improve the ability of the aerobic energy system
  • Improves in the Cardiovascular system will allow for increased oxygen to be delivered(larger capillary bed)
  • Needed to resynthesise ATP aerobically
  • Adaptations of cardiovascular system will aid removal of lactic acid through oxidation
25
Q

What is increased use of fats as an energy source

A
  • Fats as a fuel - Beta oxidation
    -Fat is the primary source for low intensity exercise
  • Fat oxidation increases if exercise extends beyond 90 mins- 2 hours glycogen gets depleted
  • Trained athlete will burn fat as a fuel more effectively than untrained because they have a more efficient system of delivering oxygen as well as more mitochondria
26
Q

What is increased storage of glycogen & increased number of mitochondria

A
  • Muscle increase their oxidative capacity with regular training
  • This is because :
  • Increased mitochondria within muscle cells
  • Increase in the supply of ATP
  • Increase in quantity of enzymes activity
  • The ability of the muscle to store more glycogen

Sports unit 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions