Energy Systems

Question 1

What is indirect calorimetry?

Answer 1

Accurate estimate of energy expenditure through gas exchange. Measures how much carbon dioxide is produced and oxygen consumed

Question 2

What else does indirect calorimetry find out?

Answer 2

Main substrate being used (fats/carbohydrate)

Question 3

What does lactate sampling measure?

Answer 3

Measures lactate in blood, also, intensity of exercise

Question 4

What does regular lactate sampling provide?

Answer 4

Improvements, if they have lower lactate at same intensity, they have increase speed/power

Question 5

What is the most common test for VO2 max? How does it measure VO2 max?
What’s wrong with this test?

Answer 5

Multi-stage fitness test
Score gets compared to a results table
Only gives estimate

Question 6

What is a more valid and reliable way of testing VO2 max?

Answer 6

Lab using direct gas analysis (measuring conc of oxygen inspired and CO2 expired)

Question 7

What does RER stand for?

Answer 7

Respiratory exchange ratio

Question 8

What is the RER?

Answer 8

Ratio between CO2 produced and oxygen consumed

Question 9

What stores of energy does the RER provide info about?

Answer 9

Fats and carbs

Question 10

How does the RER help to know if they’re working aerobically or anaerobically?

Answer 10

Determine which energy source being oxidised

Question 11

What do the values on the RER mean?

Answer 11

Close to 1 - carbs
Approximately 0.7 - fats
Greater than 1 - anaerobic respiration

Question 12

What is oxygen consumption?

Answer 12

The amount of oxygen used to produce ATP

Question 13

What is submaximal oxygen deficit?

Answer 13

Not enough oxygen being distributed around the tissues to work aerobically at the start of exercise so, body has to work anaerobically

Question 14

What is EPOC?

Answer 14

The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above that which would have been consumed at rest

Question 15

What is restored during fast replenishment?

Answer 15

Restore ATP & PC
Re-saturate myoglobin with oxygen

Question 16

What are the 4 things occurs during the slow replenishment stage?

Answer 16

Removal of lactic acid
Maintenance of breathing and heart rate
Glycogen loading
Increase body temp

Question 17

How is lactic acids removed?

Answer 17

oxidised into CO2 and water in inactive muscles
Transported to liver where it’s converted into glucose/glycogen

Question 18

What is the corgi cycle?

Answer 18

Process where lactic acid is transported in blood to liver where its converted to blood glucose and glycogen

Question 19

What are the factors that affect lactate accumulation?

Answer 19

Muscle fibre types
Fitness of performer

Question 20

What is glycolysis, where does it occur?
How much ATP

Answer 20

Sarcoplasm, converts glucose to pyruvic acid
Net gain of 2 ATP

Question 21

What is Krebs cycle? Where?

Answer 21

Matrix, oxidation of acetyl co A. Citric acid is formed and this undergoes oxidative carboxylation (hydrogen and carbon given off)

Question 22

Where are the products of krebs taken?

Answer 22

Carbon binds with oxygen = CO2, lungs to be exhaled
H = transported top ETC

Question 23

What is beta oxidation?

Answer 23

Fats are used as the energy source. They undergo beta oxidation whereby they are converted into acetyl co enzyme A and fed into Krebs

Question 24

What’s the positive of beta oxidation?

Answer 24

More ATP can be generated from 1 mol of fatty acids than glucose

Question 25

What is the ETC? Where

Answer 25

Electron transport chain
H splits to create protons and electrons
Protons oxidised to form water and electrons provide energy to resynthesise ADP to ATP
Cristae