Energy Systems Flashcards
What is indirect calorimetry?
Accurate estimate of energy expenditure through gas exchange. Measures how much carbon dioxide is produced and oxygen consumed
What else does indirect calorimetry find out?
Main substrate being used (fats/carbohydrate)
What does lactate sampling measure?
Measures lactate in blood, also, intensity of exercise
What does regular lactate sampling provide?
Improvements, if they have lower lactate at same intensity, they have increase speed/power
What is the most common test for VO2 max? How does it measure VO2 max?
What’s wrong with this test?
Multi-stage fitness test
Score gets compared to a results table
Only gives estimate
What is a more valid and reliable way of testing VO2 max?
Lab using direct gas analysis (measuring conc of oxygen inspired and CO2 expired)
What does RER stand for?
Respiratory exchange ratio
What is the RER?
Ratio between CO2 produced and oxygen consumed
What stores of energy does the RER provide info about?
Fats and carbs
How does the RER help to know if they’re working aerobically or anaerobically?
Determine which energy source being oxidised
What do the values on the RER mean?
Close to 1 - carbs
Approximately 0.7 - fats
Greater than 1 - anaerobic respiration
What is oxygen consumption?
The amount of oxygen used to produce ATP
What is submaximal oxygen deficit?
Not enough oxygen being distributed around the tissues to work aerobically at the start of exercise so, body has to work anaerobically
What is EPOC?
The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above that which would have been consumed at rest
What is restored during fast replenishment?
Restore ATP & PC
Re-saturate myoglobin with oxygen
What are the 4 things occurs during the slow replenishment stage?
Removal of lactic acid
Maintenance of breathing and heart rate
Glycogen loading
Increase body temp
How is lactic acids removed?
oxidised into CO2 and water in inactive muscles
Transported to liver where it’s converted into glucose/glycogen
What is the corgi cycle?
Process where lactic acid is transported in blood to liver where its converted to blood glucose and glycogen
What are the factors that affect lactate accumulation?
Muscle fibre types
Fitness of performer
What is glycolysis, where does it occur?
How much ATP
Sarcoplasm, converts glucose to pyruvic acid
Net gain of 2 ATP
What is Krebs cycle? Where?
Matrix, oxidation of acetyl co A. Citric acid is formed and this undergoes oxidative carboxylation (hydrogen and carbon given off)
Where are the products of krebs taken?
Carbon binds with oxygen = CO2, lungs to be exhaled
H = transported top ETC
What is beta oxidation?
Fats are used as the energy source. They undergo beta oxidation whereby they are converted into acetyl co enzyme A and fed into Krebs
What’s the positive of beta oxidation?
More ATP can be generated from 1 mol of fatty acids than glucose
What is the ETC? Where
Electron transport chain
H splits to create protons and electrons
Protons oxidised to form water and electrons provide energy to resynthesise ADP to ATP
Cristae
