Energy stores and transfers Flashcards
What are the eight main types of energy stores?
Thermal, Kinetic, Gravitational Potential, Elastic Potential, Chemical, Magnetic, Electrostatic, Nuclear.
What is a thermal energy store?
The energy stored in an object due to its temperature. The hotter it is, the more thermal energy it has.
What is a kinetic energy store?
The energy stored in a moving object. The faster it moves, the more kinetic energy it has.
What is the formula for kinetic energy?
KE = ½mv², where m = mass (kg) and v = velocity (m/s).
What is gravitational potential energy?
The energy stored in an object due to its position in a gravitational field.
What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?
GPE = mgh, where m = mass (kg), g = gravitational field strength (9.8 N/kg on Earth), and h = height (m).
What is an elastic potential energy store?
The energy stored in a stretched or compressed object, such as a spring or rubber band.
What is chemical energy?
The energy stored in chemical bonds, such as in food, fuel, and batteries.
What is nuclear energy?
The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom, released during nuclear reactions (fission or fusion).
What is magnetic energy?
The energy stored when magnets attract or repel each other.
What is electrostatic energy?
The energy stored when charges attract or repel each other.
What are the four main ways energy can be transferred?
Mechanically, Electrically, By Heating, By Radiation.
What is mechanical energy transfer?
When a force moves an object, such as pushing a car or stretching a spring.
What is electrical energy transfer?
When a current flows through a circuit, transferring energy to devices like bulbs and motors.
What is energy transfer by heating?
Energy is transferred from a hotter object to a colder object, such as heating water in a kettle.
What are the three methods of heat transfer?
Conduction, Convection, and Radiation.
What is conduction?
The transfer of thermal energy through direct contact, mainly in solids.
What is convection?
The transfer of thermal energy in fluids (liquids and gases) due to differences in density.
What is radiation?
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation from the Sun.
What is an example of radiation energy transfer?
Heat from the Sun warming the Earth.
What is the principle of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
What is dissipated energy?
Energy that is spread out and lost to the surroundings, usually as heat.
How can we reduce unwanted energy transfers?
Using insulation, lubrication, and streamlining.
What is efficiency?
A measure of how much energy is usefully transferred compared to the total energy input.
