Energy Sources of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

State types of brain fuel

A

Glucose
Monocarboxylic acids
Ketone bone

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2
Q

The major sources of carbon in gluconeogenesis are …,…,…

A

Lactate
Glycerol
Amino acids

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3
Q

When does the brain use lactate as fuel?

A

During sustained physical exercise

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4
Q

Glucose in brain is phosphorylated by …..

A

Hexokinase

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5
Q

Astrocytes uptake glucose by ….., while neurons do by ….. .

A

GLUT1
GLUT3

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6
Q

What is the importance of astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle?

A

Bypass the slower glycolytic rate of neurons due to absence of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose 2,6 bisphosphatase-3 in neurons which activated PFK-1, this is due to constant proteasomal degradation in neurons.

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7
Q

Lactate in astrocytes is shuttles to neurons by …..

A

Monocarboxylic transporters

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8
Q

Glycogen is under dynamic control of …&…

A

Neurotransmitters
Local energy status

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9
Q

Importance of PPP in brain

A

Maintenance of glutathione in reduced form and thus for its availabilityfor the detoxification of ROS

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10
Q

Importance of brain energy metabolism

A

1-Maintenance and restoration of ion gradients dissipated by signaling processes such as postsynaptic and action potentials, as well as uptake and recycling of neurotransmitters, are the main processes contributing to the high brain energy needs
2-High amounts of energy, the foods we consume greatly affect brain function

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