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Physics by Thaidz > Energy Resources and Energy Transfers > Flashcards

Energy Resources and Energy Transfers Flashcards

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1
Q

State the nine types of energy

A 
electrical 
light
sound
kinetic
nuclear 
thermal/heat
gravitational potential 
elastic potential 
chemical
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2
Q

State the principle of the conservation of energy

A

energy can never be created nor destroyed, its only ever transferred from one form to another

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3
Q

When is energy only useful ?

A

when it can be transferred from one form to another

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4
Q

efficiency =

A

useful energy output / total energy input

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5
Q

State the meaning of dissipate

A

spread out and lost

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6
Q

Can a device be 100% efficient?

A

no, wasted energy is always dissipated as heat

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7
Q

from the entire energy output into a machine, how much usually becomes heat?

A

by the end, all of it, both useful and wasted, as it gets transferred to cooler surroundings it dissipates though

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8
Q

what is the measurement of all energy ?

A

Jules J

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9
Q

Electrical devices convert electrical energy into…

A

sound light (and wasted heat)

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10
Q

Batteries convert chemical energy into…

A

electrical to run electric devices (and wasted heat)

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11
Q

Gravitational and elastic potential energy always convert into…

A

kinetic energy first (and wasted heat)

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12
Q

what is radiation?

A

transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves which occurs in solids, liquids and gases

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13
Q

what is conduction?

A

the process where vibrating particles pass on extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles

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14
Q

what is convection?

A

process where more energetic particles move up (less dense) to cooler regions, bringing their heat with them

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15
Q

loft insulation

A

layer of fibreglass wool across loft floor and ceiling to reduce convection and conduction

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16
Q

hot water tank jacket

A

fibre glass wool covering tank to reduce convection and conduction

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17
Q

double glazing

A

two layers of glass with an air gap reduces conduction and convection

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18
Q

draught-proofing

A

strips of foam around doors / windows to reduce convection

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19
Q

cavity wall insulation

A

foam between bricks prevents convection

air in foam prevents conduction

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20
Q

work done =

A

force x distance

21
Q

power =

A

work done / time

22
Q

measurement for power

A

watts

23
Q

kinetic energy =

A

0.5 x mass x velocity²

24
Q

gravitational potential energy =

A

mass x height x gravity

25
Q

when falling, kinetic energy gained is the same as…

A

GPE lost

26
Q

name the advantages of fossil fuels

A

releases lots of energy
relatively cheap
reliable (doesn’t need weather)
already have lots of stations

27
Q

name the disadvantages of fossil fuels

A 
carbon dioxide (global warming)
sulfur dioxide (acid rain)
THEY WILL RUN OUT
28
Q

how do nuclear reactors work?

A

use nuclear fission of uranium, which produces heat, heating water to produce steam which turns a turbine

29
Q

advantages of nuclear reactors

A

doesn’t produce green house gases

lots of uranium avaliable

30
Q

advantages of wind farms

A

cheap to maintain

renewable

31
Q

advantages of geothermal energy

A

cheap to maintain

renewable

32
Q

disadvantages of nuclear reactors

A

expensive to build/maintain
long start up
processing uranium causes pollution
produces radioactive waste

33
Q

disadvantages of wind farms

A

rather expensive to build
low energy level
unreliable (needs wind)

34
Q

disadvantages of geothermal energy

A

cost of drilling down is expensive

high build cost

35
Q

how do wind farms work?

A

wind turns blades, which turns a generator

36
Q

how does geothermal energy work?

A

water pumped down to hot rocks where it is heated and comes back up as steam to turn a turbine

37
Q

how do solar cells work ?

A

transform light directly into electrical energy

direct current produced

38
Q

advantages of solar cells

A

renewable
no pollution
free to maintain

39
Q

disadvantages of solar cells

A

expensive to build

don’t work at night (however can be linked with a chargeable battery)

40
Q

what are solar panels ?

A

black water pipes inside a glass box which lets heat and light in from the sun and heats the water

41
Q

how can you cook with solar power ?

A

use a curved mirror to focus the suns light and heat onto the food
these are slow, bulky and unreliable however

42
Q

how does wave power work ?

A

using lots of small wave converters located around the coast which move with the waves and drive a generator

43
Q

advantages/disadvantages of wave power

A

no pollution and renewable
initial costs are high
fairly unreliable
spoil the view and hazard to boats

44
Q

how do tidal barrages work ?

A

big dams build across river estuaries with turbines in them

as the tide comes in it fills the estuary and can be allowed through turbines

45
Q

advantages/disadvantages of tidal barrages

A

no pollution and renewable and cheap to maintain

high build cost, alters habitats and prevents boat free access

46
Q

how does hydroelectricity work ?

A

requires a flooded valley (use a dam)
rainwater caught and allowed through turbines
gravitational potential - kinetic

47
Q

advantages of hydroelectricity

A 
renewable and cheap to maintain 
no pollution 
immediate response (can release all water)
48
Q

disadvantages of hydroelectricity

A

causes rotting vegetation (releases methane and carbon dioxide)
high initial costs
risk of drought

49
Q

what is pumped storage ?

A

pumping water back up to a higher reservoir in moments of low demand to ‘store’ energy that has already been generated

Physics by Thaidz (7 decks)

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