ENERGY PRODUCTION Flashcards by Tilly Pearce

TIDAL VOLUME

the amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath

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02 UPTAKE

02 uptake and VO2= same amount of 02 taken in transported to and used by the working muscles

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RESPIRATORY RATE

number of breaths per minute

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GASEOUS EXCHANGE/ PULMONARY DIFFUSION

movement of gases from a high concentration to low concentration in the lungs ( pulmonary)

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VENTILATION

the total amount of air breathed in and out per minute (TV x RR = V)

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INCREASE IN TV/RR/ V

linear increase / RR as exercise intensity increases
TV= begins to increase linear due to its finite capacity= reaches max @ body sub max intensity and plato’s
in order to V to increase RR will increase

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RESPIRATORY RESPONSES- describe/ nature of response/ impact = RR

no. of breaths per min
increase response to 02 demand (increase intensity = linear)
increase to allow increase 02 to enter body + used to meet the increase demand

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RESPIRATORY RESPONSES- describe/ nature of response/ impact TV

the amount of air inhaled and exhaled per minute
increase in response to increase 02 demand ( increase ex. intensity = plato’s at sub max )
increase to allow more 02 to the body + used to meet demand

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RESPIRATORY RESPONSES- describe, nature of response, impact- V

amount of air breathed in and out per minute
increase response to increase 02 demand increase exercise intensity linear
increase to allow more 02 to enter body + used to meet demand

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RESPIRATORY RESPONSES- describe, nature of response, impact- PULMONARY DIFFUSION

gases in lungs moving from high conc - low conc
increase rate to increase 02 demand increase exercise intensity
increase to allow more 02 to enter body and meet demand

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RESPIRATORY RESPONSES- describe, nature of response, impact- PULMONARY DIFFUSION

gases in lungs moving from high conc - low conc
increase rate to increase 02 demand increase exercise intensity
increase to allow more 02 to enter body and meet demand

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HEART RATE

amount of times the heart beats per minute

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STROKE VOLUME

the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per beat

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CARIDAC OUTPUT- Q

the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute (Q=HR X SV )

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BLOOD PRESSURE- diastolic/ systolic

systolic- the pressure on the artery walls when the heart is contracting
diastolic- the pressure on the artery walls when the heart is relaxing (filling with the blood)

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REDISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD/ VASOCONSTRICTION + VASODILATION

when blood is moved to a part of the body that requires the oxygen it is carrying the most. occurring via vasoconstriction of the blood vessels to the areas that doesn’t need it and vasodilation to the areas that do

BLOOD PLASMA LEVELS

the level of blood plasma(fluid) in the blood. it decreases as a result of sweat and can get thicker (increased viscosity) which makes it harder to pump around the body.

ARTERY

large/ thick/ elastic wall

Carries blood away from the heart

CAPILLARY

small/ thin wall/ 1 cell thick

Site of exchange of gases - nutrients and wastes between cells and cardiovascular system

VEIN

thin/large diameter/ 1 way valves

carries blood back to the heart

VENOUS RETURN

carries blood back to heart
time blood flow reaches the veins blood pressure is low - needs help to get blood back to the heart
Venous pooling= blood pooling in the veins and X returning to the heart. Decreased 02 to the muscles therefore decreased intensity lead to faint
slows down recovery due to decreased 02 to the muscles

VENOUS RETURN

5 KEY TERMS-

skeletal muscles pump- as muscles contract and relax=pressure on veins = squeeze blood back to heart
respiratory muscle pump- muscles involved in breathing contract and relax squeezing veins back to heart
gravity- blood situated above heart in order to go back to the heart
one way valves- blood flow in 1 direction. forced through valves towards heart = no back flow
smooth muscles- vein = thin layer of smooth muscle = squeeze blood back to the heart

INCREASED SYSTOLIC PRESSURE-

blood pressure = 120/80
lrg no. indicates blood pressure in arteries as the heart squeezes out blood during each beat. = systolic BP
lower no. indicates the pressure as the heart relaxes and fills before next beat. = diastolic BP
S BP = rises resp. to exercise bc increased SV reaches 180-200mmHg while D BP = stays the same

VASOCONSTICTION + VASODILATION

vasoconstriction- decrease in diameter of blood vessel = less blood flow
vasodilation- increase in diameter of blood vessel= more blood flow
exer. = cap = dilate = increased blood flow
precap. spincters=open up and allow more blood to muscles

HYPOTHERMIA AND EXERCISE IN COLD

- body does these things to aviod hypothermia shivering- make muscles move involuntary/ create heat via aerobic respiration. redistribution of blood away from extremities towards vital organs - heart/ lungs = in order to function + keep blood warmer performance = impaired by both factors

HYPERTHERMIA AND EXERCISE IN THE HEAT

body does this things to cool down- - increased blood flow to the skin= closer to skin lose heat via radiation leads to decreased blood flow and 02 to the rest of the body therefore decreased performance - increased sweat rate + evaporation of the sweat from surface of the skin = cools body leads to decrease blood plasma levels / increased blood viscosity therefore harder to pump blood and 02 = decreased performance

a-VO2 diff

the difference bw the amount of 02 in the arteries and the veins measured per 100ml it indirectly measures how much 02 the muscle is using increases when exercising bc muscles = need 02 hence get more from cap

ACUTE MUSCLAR RESPONSES

``` increase motor unit increase temp increase enzyme activity increase 02 extraction/ AVO2 diff (dont use) increase blood flow (dont use) ```

INCREASED MOTOR UNIT

motor unit = made up of motor neuron = associated w muscle fibers increased MU recruitment= increased force of contraction therefore incre. perform.

INCREASED TEMP.

aerobic respiration= produces heat/ water/ c02 | depend on environment temp/ length of act. = increase blood flow to the skin= sweat = decreases 02 to muscles

INCREASED 02 EXTRACTION

increased 02 taken out of the blood into the muscles(av02 diff) therefore increased 02 used by working muscles = produce energy.

INCREASED BY- PRODUCTS

intensity= increases /increased use of the AG system therefore increased production of lacate/ h + ions = fatiguing

DEPLECTION OF FUELS

as exercise increases fuels such as CP/ glycogen/ triglycendrites decrease

DEPLECTION OF FUELS

as exercise increases fuels such as CP/ glycogen and triglycendrites decrease

ENZYMES

Anaerobic - ATPASE- speeds up break down of ATP therefore increase speed of muscle contraction Aerobic- increase oxidative enzymes speed up break down of fuels and ATP using 02 therefore increase ability to work aerobically.