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Physics - Paper 1 > Energy part 3 > Flashcards

Energy part 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an energy resource?

What are the main uses for energy resources ?

A

An energy resource is a large store of energy.

The main uses of energy resources are for transport, electricity generation and heating.

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2
Q

What two types can energy resources be ?

A

Energy resources can be renewable or non-renewable

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3
Q

What is a renewable energy resource ?

A

A renewable energy resource is one that is being replenished (replaced) as it is used.

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4
Q

👉what does this mean?

A

This means that renewable energy resources never run out.

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5
Q

What are examples of renewable energy ?

A

Examples of renewable energy resources include biofuel, wind, hydroelectricity, the tides, geothermal, water waves, and the Sun.

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6
Q

What is a non renewable energy resource ?

A

A non-renewable energy resource is one that cannot be replenished as it is used.

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7
Q

👉what does this mean?

A

This means that non-renewable energy resources will eventually run out.

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8
Q

What are examples of non renewable energy resources ?

A

Examples of non-renewable energy resources include fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) and nuclear fuels.

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9
Q

Why are fossil fuels reliable sources of energy ?

A

Fossil fuels are a reliable source of energy because they can generate a lot of energy.

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10
Q

What can also happen to fossil fuels?

What does this mean?

A

They can also be burned at any time.This means extra fuel can be burned quickly if there is an increase in demand.

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11
Q

What else is also reliable?

Examples

A

Some renewable energy resources are also reliable. For example, biofuel, geothermal and hydro-electric resources are consistently reliable.

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12
Q

How is tidal energy reliable?

A

Tidal energy is also reliable because the tides go in and out every day.

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13
Q

Give an example of how renewable resources are not reliable.

A

For example, solar and wind energy rely on the weather.

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14
Q

👉why is this?

A

If it is cloudy, solar panels produce less electricity.

If there is little wind, no wind or too much wind, wind turbines shut down.

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15
Q

What do fossils damage ?

A

Fossils damage the environmental several ways.

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16
Q

How do Fossils damage the environment?

A

Fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide when burned, which contributes to climate change.

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17
Q

What does burning coal and oil release?

A

Burning coal and oil releases sulfur dioxide, which causes acid rain.

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18
Q

What do nuclear fuels produce?

How do they need to be treated?

A

Nuclear fuels produce radioactive waste, which needs to be carefully stored and can remain hazardous for thousands of years.

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19
Q

What can also damage the environment ?

A

Harvesting renewable energy resources can also damage the environment.

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20
Q

How can Hydro-electric dams damage the environment ?

A

Hydro-electric dams usually need large areas of land to be flooded.
This means that important natural habitats may be destroyed.

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21
Q

How do wind farms and solar farms damage the environment ?

A

Wind farms and solar farms may also need large areas of land.

22
Q

How can biofuels be carbon neutral ?

A

Biofuels can be carbon neutral if as many plants are grown as are burned for fuel.

23
Q

What does carbon neutral mean?

A

Carbon neutral means that the same amount of carbon dioxide is stored as is released.

24
Q

👉what does this mean ?

A

This means the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere does not increase.

25
Q

What are being destroyed to grow crops for biofuels.

A

However, in some places, large areas of natural habitat are being destroyed to grow crops for biofuels.

26
Q

What kind of resources are better for the environment ?

A

Renewable energy resources are generally better for the environment than non-renewable resources.

27
Q

What do many people think as a result ?

A

As a result, many people think we should use more renewable energy resources

28
Q

Why is the move towards using more renewable slow ?

A

But the move towards using more renewables is quite slow because of political, social and economic factors.

29
Q

👉give examples

A

For example, some countries make lots of money from extracting fossil fuels.Their economies may rely on exporting fossil fuels.

30
Q

What is the disadvantage of making the environment renewable ?

A

Fossil fuels are also cheap and reliable, while building renewable energy plants is expensive.

31
Q

What kind of process is radioactivity?

A

Radioactive decay is a random process.

32
Q

Define radioactive decay.

A

When atomic nuclei are unstable. atomic nuclei can change to become more stable.

33
Q

What emits nuclear radiation ?

A

When a nucleus decays it emits (gives out) nuclear radiation.

34
Q

What is the activity of the source ?

A

The activity of the source is how fast or how slow its unstable nuclei decay.

35
Q

What can radiation be detected by ?

A

Radiation can be recorded by a detector called the Geiger-Muller tube.

36
Q

What is the relative atomic mass and charge of alpha particals

A

Alpha particles have a relative mass of 4 and a charge of +2.

37
Q

One fact about Alpha particals

A

Alpha particles easily take electrons from other atoms they meet, turning them into ions.

38
Q

How penetrating was alpha particals

A

Alpha particles are the least penetrating type of radiation

39
Q

What is the charge and the relative mass of beta particles ?

A

Beta particles have a relative mass of 0 and a charge of –1.

40
Q

How ionising is beta particals ?

A

Beta particles are less ionising than alpha particles.

41
Q

How penetrating is beta particles?

A

But beta particles are more penetrating than alpha particles.

42
Q

What is the mass of gamma rays

A

Gamma rays have no mass or charge.

43
Q

How penetrating are the gamma rays

A

But gamma rays are the most penetrating type of radiation

44
Q

What can the penetration be used to detect

A

The penetrating effect of radiation can be used to detect the thickness of materials, or leaks in pipes.

45
Q

How is the mass and atomic number effected in alpha decay?

A

During alpha decay, the mass number of the radioactive atom decreases by 4, and the atomic number decreases by 2.

46
Q

How is the mass and atomic number effected in beta decay?

A

During beta decay, the mass number does not change, and the atomic number increases by 1.

47
Q

How is the mass and atomic number effected in gamma decay?

A

The emission of a gamma ray does not cause the make up of the nucleus to change.

48
Q

What can happen if a living organism is irradiated ?

A

If a living organism is irradiated, its DNA can be damaged, which can be dangerous.

49
Q

What happens if an object becomes contaminated ?

A

If an object gets contaminated it becomes radioactive.

50
Q

Where is irradiation more dangerous ?

A

Irradiation from beta and gamma radiation is more dangerous than alpha radiation.

51
Q

What source is dangerous if it enters your body

A

However, it is more dangerous to be contaminated with a source of alpha radiation if it enters your body.

52
Q

What does peer review mean?

A

Peer review means that other scientists read and check the results.

Physics - Paper 1 (9 decks)

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