Energy - Paper 1 Flashcards

To revise the energy topic (paper 1)

1
Q

What is a system?

A

an object or group of objects

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2
Q

Describe the energy changes when a ball is thrown upwards

A

Kinetic energy into GPE and thermal

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3
Q

Describe the energy changes when an object hits an obstacle

A

Kinetic into Thermal and sound

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4
Q

Describe the energy changes in a torch

A

Chemical into electrical into thermal and light

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5
Q

State the equation and all units for kinetic energy

A

kinetic energy (J) = 0.5 × mass (kg) × speed2 (m/s)

E = 0.5 x m x v2

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6
Q

State the equation and all units for GPE

A

GPE (J) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength(N/kg) × height (m)

GPE = mgh

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7
Q

Define specific heat capacity

A

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius.

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8
Q

State the units for specific heat capacity

A

J/kg °C

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9
Q

Define Power

A

Rate at which energy is transferred into a new form

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10
Q

State the equation with all units for Power.

A

Power (W) = energy (J)/ time (s)

P = E/t

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11
Q

Define 1 W

A

An energy transfer of 1 joule per second

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12
Q

State the conservation of energy

A

Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but cannot be created or destroyed.

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13
Q

Define thermal conductivity

A

How well a material can insulate. The higher the thermal conductivity of a material the higher the rate of energy transfer by conduction across the material.

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14
Q

What does a higher thermal conductivity mean?

A

The material will allow heat to pass through it more quickly. It is a better conductor or worse insulator

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15
Q

How can heat loss from a building be minimised?

A

Using thicker walls and materials with a lower thermal conductivity

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16
Q

Define efficiency

A

How effective a device is at converting its input energy into a useful output form of energy

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17
Q

State the equation for efficiency

A

efficiency = useful output energy / total input energy

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18
Q

State the 3 fossil fuels

A

Coal, oil and gas

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19
Q

Define a renewable energy resource

A

One that can be replenished and won’t run out

20
Q

State the advantages of fossil fuels

A
  1. Reliable
  2. Short start up time of a few hours
  3. cheap can be used in many locations
  4. doesn’t produce radioactive waste
21
Q

State the disadvantages of fossil fuels

A
  1. Non renewable
  2. Will run out
  3. Produces carbon dioxide which leads to global warming
  4. Causes acid rain
22
Q

State the advantages of nuclear power

A
  1. Reliable
  2. A very concentrated source of energy
  3. No carbon dioxide release
  4. Doesn’t cause acid rain
23
Q

State the disadvantages of nuclear power

A
  1. Slow start up time of a few days
  2. Causes Radioactive waste
  3. High decommissioning costs
  4. Non renewable
24
Q

State the advantages of solar power.

A
  1. Renewable
  2. Wont run out
  3. no fuel cost
  4. no cardon dioxide
  5. Doesn’t cause acid rain
25
State the disadvantages of solar power
1. Unreliable 2. Expensive to buy 3. Don't get much energy so need lots of solar cells
26
State the advantages of wind
1. Renewable 2. Wont run out 3. no fuel cost 4. no cardon dioxide 5. Doesn't cause acid rain
27
State the disadvantages of wind
1. Unreliable 2. Visual pollution 3. Noise pollution 4. Don't get much energy so need a large area of wind turbines
28
State the advantages of hydroelectric
1. Short start up time 2. Renewable 3. Wont run out 4. no fuel cost 5. no cardon dioxide 6. Doesn't cause acid rain
29
Disadvantages of hydroelectric
1. Expensive to build the dam 2. Flooding of surrounding areas 3. Damage to animal habitats
30
Advantages of geothermal
1. Short start up time 2. Renewable 3. Wont run out 4. Low fuel cost 5. no cardon dioxide 6. Doesn't cause acid rain
31
Disadvantages of geothermal
1. Expensive to drill 2. Only suitable in certain locations
32
Advantages of wave power
1. Renewable 2. Wont run out 3. No fuel cost 4. no cardon dioxide 5. Doesn't cause acid rain
33
Disadvantages of wave power
1. Unreliable 2. Difficult to maintain and repair 3. Restricts shipping lanes
34
Advantages of tidal
1. Reliable - as tides can be predicted 2. Renewable 3. Wont run out 4. Low fuel cost 5. no cardon dioxide 6. Doesn't cause acid rain
35
Disadvantages of tidal
1. Difficult to maintain and repair 2. Restricts shipping lanes
36
Advantages of Biomass
1. Reliable 2. Renewable 3. Carbon neutral
37
Disadvantages of Biomass
1. Release carbon dioxide 2. Takes up land which can be used for crops
38
What are the nine types of energy?
1. Kinetic 2. sound 3. light 4. thermal 5. electrical 6. gravitational potential 7. elastic potential (strain) 8. chemical 9. nuclear
39
What is 'wasted energy'?
Energy that is transformed to either the wrong place or the wrong form. This is normally thermal or sound which spreads out to the surrounding .
40
What is 'useful energy'?
The energy transformed to where it is wanted in the form wanted
41
If energy can not be created or destroyed why are we concerned with waster energy?
A lot of energy is wasted as thermal which dissipated and spreads out to the surroundings. This energy becomes so spread out it can't be reused usefully again.
42
What is the equation for work done? Include all units
Work done (J) = force (N) x distance in direction of force (m) W = F x d
43
What is the relationship between work done and energy transferred
Work done = energy transferred
44
For a falling object why would the increase in kinetic energy not equal the decrease in GPE?
Air resistance/friction would cause some energy to be lost as thermal which would be dissipated to the surroundings
45
Why do falling objects reach different speeds?
Different objects have different surface areas, this means a different amount of thermal energy will be lost due to air resistance. Or difference mass will have different terminal velocities