Energy - Paper 1

Question 1

What is a system?

Answer 1

an object or group of objects

Question 2

Describe the energy changes when a ball is thrown upwards

Answer 2

Kinetic energy into GPE and thermal

Question 3

Describe the energy changes when an object hits an obstacle

Answer 3

Kinetic into Thermal and sound

Question 4

Describe the energy changes in a torch

Answer 4

Chemical into electrical into thermal and light

Question 5

State the equation and all units for kinetic energy

Answer 5

kinetic energy (J) = 0.5 × mass (kg) × speed² (m/s)

E = 0.5 x m x v²

Question 6

State the equation and all units for GPE

Answer 6

GPE (J) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength(N/kg) × height (m)

GPE = mgh

Question 7

Define specific heat capacity

Answer 7

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius.

Question 8

State the units for specific heat capacity

Answer 8

J/kg °C

Question 9

Define Power

Answer 9

Rate at which energy is transferred into a new form

Question 10

State the equation with all units for Power.

Answer 10

Power (W) = energy (J)/ time (s)

P = E/t

Question 11

Define 1 W

Answer 11

An energy transfer of 1 joule per second

Question 12

State the conservation of energy

Answer 12

Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 13

Define thermal conductivity

Answer 13

How well a material can insulate. The higher the thermal conductivity of a material the higher the rate of energy transfer by conduction across the material.

Question 14

What does a higher thermal conductivity mean?

Answer 14

The material will allow heat to pass through it more quickly. It is a better conductor or worse insulator

Question 15

How can heat loss from a building be minimised?

Answer 15

Using thicker walls and materials with a lower thermal conductivity

Question 16

Define efficiency

Answer 16

How effective a device is at converting its input energy into a useful output form of energy

Question 17

State the equation for efficiency

Answer 17

efficiency = useful output energy / total input energy

Question 18

State the 3 fossil fuels

Answer 18

Coal, oil and gas

Question 19

Define a renewable energy resource

Answer 19

One that can be replenished and won’t run out

Question 20

State the advantages of fossil fuels

Answer 20

1. Reliable
2. Short start up time of a few hours
3. cheap can be used in many locations
4. doesn’t produce radioactive waste

Question 21

State the disadvantages of fossil fuels

Answer 21

1. Non renewable
2. Will run out
3. Produces carbon dioxide which leads to global warming
4. Causes acid rain

Question 22

State the advantages of nuclear power

Answer 22

1. Reliable
2. A very concentrated source of energy
3. No carbon dioxide release
4. Doesn’t cause acid rain

Question 23

State the disadvantages of nuclear power

Answer 23

1. Slow start up time of a few days
2. Causes Radioactive waste
3. High decommissioning costs
4. Non renewable

Question 24

State the advantages of solar power.

Answer 24

1. Renewable
2. Wont run out
3. no fuel cost
4. no cardon dioxide
5. Doesn’t cause acid rain

Question 25

State the disadvantages of solar power

Answer 25

1. Unreliable 2. Expensive to buy 3. Don't get much energy so need lots of solar cells

Question 26

State the advantages of wind

Answer 26

1. Renewable 2. Wont run out 3. no fuel cost 4. no cardon dioxide 5. Doesn't cause acid rain

Question 27

State the disadvantages of wind

Answer 27

1. Unreliable 2. Visual pollution 3. Noise pollution 4. Don't get much energy so need a large area of wind turbines

Question 28

State the advantages of hydroelectric

Answer 28

1. Short start up time 2. Renewable 3. Wont run out 4. no fuel cost 5. no cardon dioxide 6. Doesn't cause acid rain

Question 29

Disadvantages of hydroelectric

Answer 29

1. Expensive to build the dam 2. Flooding of surrounding areas 3. Damage to animal habitats

Question 30

Advantages of geothermal

Answer 30

1. Short start up time 2. Renewable 3. Wont run out 4. Low fuel cost 5. no cardon dioxide 6. Doesn't cause acid rain

Question 31

Disadvantages of geothermal

Answer 31

1. Expensive to drill 2. Only suitable in certain locations

Question 32

Advantages of wave power

Answer 32

1. Renewable 2. Wont run out 3. No fuel cost 4. no cardon dioxide 5. Doesn't cause acid rain

Question 33

Disadvantages of wave power

Answer 33

1. Unreliable 2. Difficult to maintain and repair 3. Restricts shipping lanes

Question 34

Advantages of tidal

Answer 34

1. Reliable - as tides can be predicted 2. Renewable 3. Wont run out 4. Low fuel cost 5. no cardon dioxide 6. Doesn't cause acid rain

Question 35

Disadvantages of tidal

Answer 35

1. Difficult to maintain and repair 2. Restricts shipping lanes

Question 36

Advantages of Biomass

Answer 36

1. Reliable 2. Renewable 3. Carbon neutral

Question 37

Disadvantages of Biomass

Answer 37

1. Release carbon dioxide 2. Takes up land which can be used for crops

Question 38

What are the nine types of energy?

Answer 38

1. Kinetic 2. sound 3. light 4. thermal 5. electrical 6. gravitational potential 7. elastic potential (strain) 8. chemical 9. nuclear

Question 39

What is 'wasted energy'?

Answer 39

Energy that is transformed to either the wrong place or the wrong form. This is normally thermal or sound which spreads out to the surrounding .

Question 40

What is 'useful energy'?

Answer 40

The energy transformed to where it is wanted in the form wanted

Question 41

If energy can not be created or destroyed why are we concerned with waster energy?

Answer 41

A lot of energy is wasted as thermal which dissipated and spreads out to the surroundings. This energy becomes so spread out it can't be reused usefully again.

Question 42

What is the equation for work done? Include all units

Answer 42

Work done (J) = force (N) x distance in direction of force (m) W = F x d

Question 43

What is the relationship between work done and energy transferred

Answer 43

Work done = energy transferred

Question 44

For a falling object why would the increase in kinetic energy not equal the decrease in GPE?

Answer 44

Air resistance/friction would cause some energy to be lost as thermal which would be dissipated to the surroundings

Question 45

Why do falling objects reach different speeds?

Answer 45

Different objects have different surface areas, this means a different amount of thermal energy will be lost due to air resistance. Or difference mass will have different terminal velocities