Energy Of Life

Question 1

what is energy

Answer 1

The capacity to cause change

Question 2

what are the four components of amino acids?

Answer 2

a hydrogen bond
an amino group
a carboxyl group
a side chain

Question 3

primary structure is held together by?

Answer 3

peptide bonds

Question 4

secondary structure is determined by _________

bonds within the __________

Answer 4

hydrogen

polypeptide

Question 5

tertiary structure is determined by interactions between the _______, rather than interactions between the backbone contituents.

Answer 5

R groups (side chains)

Question 6

tertiary structure may include what bonds?

Answer 6

hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic, and Vander waals.

Question 7

strong covalent bonds called _________ may reinforce the proteins structure

Answer 7

disulfide bonds

Question 8

what are the two laws of thermodynamics

Answer 8

Energy can not be be created or destroyed

every chemical reaction causes entropy

Question 9

what is entropy

Answer 9

disorder

Question 10

heat (thermal energy) is ______ energy

Answer 10

kinetix

Question 11

chemical energy is also _______ energy

Answer 11

potential.

Question 12

matter can be converted into _______.

Answer 12

energy

Question 13

organisms are ______ systems

Answer 13

open

Question 14

a metabolic pathway begins with a specific ______ and ends with a ________.

Answer 14

molecule

product

Question 15

are most metabolic pathways similar between organisms

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

how do cells maintain balance between catabolism and anabolism

Answer 16

ENZYMES cataltze metabolic reactions and maintain HOMEOSTASIS

Question 17

what is catabolism

Answer 17

The process of breaking down large molecules to smaller components

Question 18

what is anabolism

Answer 18

Is the synthesis of new molecules from smaller conponents
Anabolism : Building
A B

Question 19

what is chaperonins

Answer 19

proteins that aid in proper folding of other proteins

Question 20

chains of amino acids are called _____

Answer 20

polypeptides

Question 21

The backbone of polypeptides are

Answer 21

amino, carbon carboxy

Question 22

what are the four levels of a protein structure

Answer 22

primary
secondary
tertiary
quarternary

Question 23

what does essential mean

Answer 23

The body can not make. needs to be consumed

Question 24

a protein consists of one or more properly folded______

Answer 24

polypeptides

Question 25

name 3 types of most important lipids

Answer 25

fats & oils phospholipids steroids

Question 26

How does phospholipids differ from tryglicerides

Answer 26

phospholipids have two fatty acids | triglycerides have three fatty acids

Question 27

phospholipids always have one unsaturated fat made up of fatty acid True or false

Answer 27

true

Question 28

name 3 steroids

Answer 28

testosterone estradiol cholesterol

Question 29

what is the general chemical structure for the steroid

Answer 29

the carbon skeleton has four fused rings of hydrogen

Question 30

name the two types of nucleic

Answer 30

DNA and RNA

Question 31

what is the primary structural component of the cell membrane

Answer 31

phospholipids that drink together and result in a bilayer arrangement

Question 32

what are the three components four nucleotides

Answer 32

nitrogenous base five carbon sugar and phosphate

Question 33

what is a nucleoside

Answer 33

it is a nucleotide without a phosphate group

Question 34

what is a backbone for a nucleotide

Answer 34

sugar and phosphate

Question 35

what kind of bond links Polynucleotides together

Answer 35

covalent bonds

Question 36

what part of each Palio nucleotide chain is unique

Answer 36

nitrogenous base

Question 37

which class of macromolecules do not form from monomers into polymers

Answer 37

lipids

Question 38

what is a open system

Answer 38

energy and matter can be transferred between systems and its surrounding

Question 39

what is a closed system

Answer 39

it's unable to exchange energy or matter with it's surroundings

Question 40

, what is a polypeptide

Answer 40

polymers built from amino acid monomers

Question 41

what is a protein

Answer 41

consists of one or more properly folded polypeptide | made up by stringing together 20 different amino acids

Question 42

where is the potential energy stored in a molecule of

Answer 42

in the bonds between phosphate groups

Question 43

enzymes are highly specific what does this refer to?

Answer 43

the enzyme substrate binding site is a perfect match

Question 44

describe how enzymes lower activation energy

Answer 44

by providing a favorable environment | orienting molecules correctly

Question 45

what is the monomer for nucleic acid

Answer 45

nucleotides

Question 46

steroids are hydrophobic | true or false

Answer 46

true

Question 47

which lipid is amphilic

Answer 47

phispholipids

Question 48

why does a phospholipids have a unsaturated fat

Answer 48

for fluidity

Question 49

what type of bonding occurs between the nitrogenouse bases

Answer 49

hydrogen bonds

Question 50

during every energy transfer some energy is unusable and is often lost as heat which thermodynamics law is this

Answer 50

second law

Question 51

what is a gene

Answer 51

DNA sequence that encodes a specific protein

Question 52

what is mRNA

Answer 52

messenger for RNA

Question 53

what is tRNA

Answer 53

carries or transfers amino acid

Question 54

what is rRNA

Answer 54

this is where proteins are made, protein synthesis the ribosomes are here

Question 55

what is transcription

Answer 55

only the DNA region necessary to make a protein is transcribed

Question 56

what is a polypeptide

Answer 56

a polymer of amino acids

Question 57

what is a nucleoid

Answer 57

a region where DNA in a prokaryotic cell is located not enclosed by membrane

Question 58

what is the Pili on a cell used for

Answer 58

used to attach sell to surface there is no movement

Question 59

what is the flagella used for

Answer 59

used for movement of a cell it looks like a tail

Question 60

what is a organelle

Answer 60

specialized unit in a cell that has its own specific function like little organs

Question 61

what is a nuclear envelope

Answer 61

a double membrane that encloses the nucleus

Question 62

what is a heterotroph

Answer 62

an organism that obtains carbon and energy by consuming other living organisms a consumer

Question 63

what are mutations

Answer 63

the changing of a gene structure

Question 64

at what level does the side chain Bond

Answer 64

tertiary

Question 65

pleated sheets are example of what protein structure

Answer 65

secondary

Question 66

hydrolysis reactions are examples of what metabolic reaction

Answer 66

exergonic reaction