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ENS 304: Physiology of Exercise (SDSU) > Energy Metabolism > Flashcards

Energy Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Which energy system would contribute MOST significantly to completing a vertical jump?

A

Phosphagen System

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2
Q

What is the first energy system used during any change of activity?

A

Phosphagen System

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3
Q

Sort these events in order:

  1. Formation of Ach
  2. Krebs Cycle
  3. Glycolysis
  4. Electron Transport Chain
  5. Transfer of pyruvate to mitochondria
A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Transfer of pyruvate to mitochondria
  3. Formation of Ach
  4. Krebs Cycle
  5. Electron Transport Chain
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4
Q

In order for AcH to enter the Krebs Cycle it must bind with?

A

Oxaloacetate

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5
Q

True or False? Fasted, aerobic exercise is an effective way to increase fat utilization in the body without any consequence?

A

False

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6
Q

Which energy system would contribute MOST significantly to a 30-min run around a track at 6/10 effort?

A

Oxidative System

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7
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced from the aerobic utilization of a glucose molecule in a muscle cell?

A

36 ATP

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8
Q

What is a possible fate for Pyruvate?

A

It is converted to Acetyl-CoA (AcH)

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9
Q

GLYCOGEN in MUSCLE cells produces how many ATP?

A

37 ATP

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10
Q

GLYCOGEN in LIVER cells produces how many ATP?

A

39 ATP

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11
Q

GLUCOSE in LIVER cells produces how many ATP?

A

38 ATP

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12
Q 
Metabolic Pathways
Glucose > Deamination
Fatty Acids > Sodium Bicarbonate
Amino Acids > Beta-Oxidation
Lactate > Sarcoplasm
A

Glucose ➡️ Sarcoplasm
Fatty Acids ➡️ Beta-oxidation
Amino Acids ➡️ Deamination
Lactate ➡️ Sodium Bicarbonate

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13
Q

How does Intensity impact fuel utilization?

A

Low intensity exercise use Free Fatty Acids the most.

Mild Exercise at 65% energy expenditure uses muscle glycogen the most

Intense Exercise at 85% uses muscle glycogen the most

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14
Q

How does Duration impact fuel utilization?

A

Shorter durations at higher intensity (between 0-2 hours) utilizes more Muscle Glycogen and Muscle Triglycerides.

3-4 hours durations use more Blood Glucose and Plasma Fatty Acids to provide fuel for the body.

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15
Q

Explain the basic role and timing of use of each energy system.

A

Anaerobic pathways are used for immediate energy: Phosphagen (PcR) and Fast Glycolytic (FG) systems.

While the oxidative system (O) provides energy for long lasting, low-intensity exercise.

Duration of event
PcR: 0-6 secs
PcR & FG: 6-30 secs
FG: 30-120 secs (2mins)
FG & O: 2-3 mins
O: > 3 mins
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16
Q

Define the roles of muscle and liver glycogen

A
  • Muscle glycogen provides immediate energy and stores approximately 250-600g (or 1,000-2,400kcal)
  • Liver glycogen maintains blood glucose levels and stores 90-110g (or 360-400kcal.)
17
Q

Discuss the role of lactate production.

A
  • Lactate production begins in muscle tissue
  • Binds with hydrogen ions (H+)
  • Transported out into the blood
  • Purpose is to lower the pH levels in the blood with buffers (NaHCO3)z.
18
Q

Explain the role and relationship between ATP and CrP within the phosphagen system.

A

ATP is located in myosin heads for immediate energy. CrP is located in the sarcoplasm and is used when ATP depletion and ADP accumulation in sarcoplasm activates Creatine Kinase.

19
Q

Discuss the concerns associated with fasted, cardio in the morning before eating.

A

Aerobic exercise uses produces energy from all 3 macronutrients slowly. Fasting depletes your liver glucose storage and increases cortisol. EPOC

20
Q

Brief overview (i.e., steps) of the aerobic metabolic pathways for each macronutrient.

A

Lipids: Fatty Acids/Glycerol, Beta-oxidation, Acetyl-CoA, ketone bodies.

Carbohydrates: Glucose/Glycogen, Glycolosis, Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain.

Protein: Amino Acids, Deamination, Glucogenic/Ketogenic, Krebs Cycle

21
Q

Explain how glucose/glycogen can yield between 36 and 39 ATPs

A

Directly from Glycolysis: 2-3 ATP
(2NADH + H+) From Glycolysis, carried to ETS: 4-6 ATP
(2NADH + H+) From Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA: 6 ATP
(6NADH + H+) Kreb’s Cycle: 18 ATP
(2FADH + H2) Kreb’s Cycle: 4 ATP
Directly from Kreb’s Cycle: 2 ATP

TOTAL 36-39 ATP

22
Q

Explain how Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle.

A

Acetyl-CoA (2-carbon structure) must join with oxaloacetate (4-carbon structure) to enter Krebs cycle (forming citrate – 6-carbon structure). Oxaloacetate is only produced from pyruvate.

23
Q

Describe the role of ketone bodies in the body and in the energy pathways.

A

Conversion to ketone bodies (i.e., ketogenesis) enables compounds to be removed from mitochondria. Ketone bodies can pose significant health risks to individuals by causing blood acidosis.

ENS 304: Physiology of Exercise (SDSU) (3 decks)

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