Energy Metabolism Flashcards
Which energy system would contribute MOST significantly to completing a vertical jump?
Phosphagen System
What is the first energy system used during any change of activity?
Phosphagen System
Sort these events in order:
- Formation of Ach
- Krebs Cycle
- Glycolysis
- Electron Transport Chain
- Transfer of pyruvate to mitochondria
- Glycolysis
- Transfer of pyruvate to mitochondria
- Formation of Ach
- Krebs Cycle
- Electron Transport Chain
In order for AcH to enter the Krebs Cycle it must bind with?
Oxaloacetate
True or False? Fasted, aerobic exercise is an effective way to increase fat utilization in the body without any consequence?
False
Which energy system would contribute MOST significantly to a 30-min run around a track at 6/10 effort?
Oxidative System
How many ATP molecules are produced from the aerobic utilization of a glucose molecule in a muscle cell?
36 ATP
What is a possible fate for Pyruvate?
It is converted to Acetyl-CoA (AcH)
GLYCOGEN in MUSCLE cells produces how many ATP?
37 ATP
GLYCOGEN in LIVER cells produces how many ATP?
39 ATP
GLUCOSE in LIVER cells produces how many ATP?
38 ATP
Metabolic Pathways Glucose > Deamination Fatty Acids > Sodium Bicarbonate Amino Acids > Beta-Oxidation Lactate > Sarcoplasm
Glucose ➡️ Sarcoplasm
Fatty Acids ➡️ Beta-oxidation
Amino Acids ➡️ Deamination
Lactate ➡️ Sodium Bicarbonate
How does Intensity impact fuel utilization?
Low intensity exercise use Free Fatty Acids the most.
Mild Exercise at 65% energy expenditure uses muscle glycogen the most
Intense Exercise at 85% uses muscle glycogen the most
How does Duration impact fuel utilization?
Shorter durations at higher intensity (between 0-2 hours) utilizes more Muscle Glycogen and Muscle Triglycerides.
3-4 hours durations use more Blood Glucose and Plasma Fatty Acids to provide fuel for the body.
Explain the basic role and timing of use of each energy system.
Anaerobic pathways are used for immediate energy: Phosphagen (PcR) and Fast Glycolytic (FG) systems.
While the oxidative system (O) provides energy for long lasting, low-intensity exercise.
Duration of event PcR: 0-6 secs PcR & FG: 6-30 secs FG: 30-120 secs (2mins) FG & O: 2-3 mins O: > 3 mins
Define the roles of muscle and liver glycogen
- Muscle glycogen provides immediate energy and stores approximately 250-600g (or 1,000-2,400kcal)
- Liver glycogen maintains blood glucose levels and stores 90-110g (or 360-400kcal.)
Discuss the role of lactate production.
- Lactate production begins in muscle tissue
- Binds with hydrogen ions (H+)
- Transported out into the blood
- Purpose is to lower the pH levels in the blood with buffers (NaHCO3)z.
Explain the role and relationship between ATP and CrP within the phosphagen system.
ATP is located in myosin heads for immediate energy. CrP is located in the sarcoplasm and is used when ATP depletion and ADP accumulation in sarcoplasm activates Creatine Kinase.
Discuss the concerns associated with fasted, cardio in the morning before eating.
Aerobic exercise uses produces energy from all 3 macronutrients slowly. Fasting depletes your liver glucose storage and increases cortisol. EPOC
Brief overview (i.e., steps) of the aerobic metabolic pathways for each macronutrient.
Lipids: Fatty Acids/Glycerol, Beta-oxidation, Acetyl-CoA, ketone bodies.
Carbohydrates: Glucose/Glycogen, Glycolosis, Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain.
Protein: Amino Acids, Deamination, Glucogenic/Ketogenic, Krebs Cycle
Explain how glucose/glycogen can yield between 36 and 39 ATPs
Directly from Glycolysis: 2-3 ATP
(2NADH + H+) From Glycolysis, carried to ETS: 4-6 ATP
(2NADH + H+) From Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA: 6 ATP
(6NADH + H+) Kreb’s Cycle: 18 ATP
(2FADH + H2) Kreb’s Cycle: 4 ATP
Directly from Kreb’s Cycle: 2 ATP
TOTAL 36-39 ATP
Explain how Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle.
Acetyl-CoA (2-carbon structure) must join with oxaloacetate (4-carbon structure) to enter Krebs cycle (forming citrate – 6-carbon structure). Oxaloacetate is only produced from pyruvate.
Describe the role of ketone bodies in the body and in the energy pathways.
Conversion to ketone bodies (i.e., ketogenesis) enables compounds to be removed from mitochondria. Ketone bodies can pose significant health risks to individuals by causing blood acidosis.
