Energy Metabolism

Question 1

What are anabolic reactions? Give an example

Answer 1

reactions in which small molecules are put together to build larger ones.
- the making of glycogen, triglycerides, protein

Question 2

What are catabolic reactions? Give an example

Answer 2

reactions in which large molecules are broken down to smaller ones.
- include the breakdown of glycogen, triglycerides, and protein

Question 3

What is ATP?

Answer 3

(adenosine triphosphate) a common high-energy compound composed of purine (adenine), a sugar (ribose) and three phosphate groups - with each denoting a high-energy bond

Question 4

What are the 3 major functions of ATP in the body?

Answer 4

• used to transfer energy released during catabolic reactions to power anabolic reactions
• provides energy that powers all activities of living cells
• transport things (?)

Question 5

What are the other 2 compounds produced in cells after food is completely metabolized?

Answer 5

Water and carbon dioxide

Question 6

What are the 3 major metabolic pathways through which the macronutrients are converted into energy?

Answer 6

Glycolysis, TCA/Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle, ETC (electron transport chain)

Question 7

What is ketosis? Under what conditions does this occur?

Answer 7

When the concentration of keto acids rises and the pH of the blood drops (a sign of body chemistry changing).

Induced by low-carb diets, results in weight-loss and loss of appetite

Question 8

What are the consequences of consuming an excessive amount of any macronutrient (in excess of the body’s energy/calorie needs)?

Answer 8

When a person eats too much, metabolism favors fat formation. Fat cells enlarge regardless of whether the excess in kcals derives from protein, carbohydrate, or fat.

Too much of anything converted to triglycerides and into fat

Question 9

Explain, in general terms, what happens to the metabolic pathways during feasting.

Answer 9

the metabolism favors fat formation.

Question 10

Explain, in general terms, what happens to the metabolic pathways during fasting.

Answer 10

cells degrade their components for fuel (glucose), use fat to fuel brain (might go on to sacrifice protein), conserves body tissue by slowing metabolism

Question 11

Explain, in general terms, what happens to the metabolic pathways during prolonged fasting (starvation).

Answer 11

slow energy output and reduced fat loss
- slow heart rate, respiration, and metabolism