Energy Matters Flashcards
What are the properties of a solid?
Solids:
- don’t flow
- keep the same shape
- keep the same volume
What are the properties of a liquid?
Liquids:
- flow
- take the shape of the container
- keep the same volume
What are the properties of a gas?
Gases:
- flow
- take the shape of the container they are in
- fill the volume of the container they are in
State what is meant by the term ‘melting’.
A material changing state from solid to liquid.
State what is meant by the term ‘evaporation’.
A material changing state from liquid to gas.
State what is meant by the term ‘freezing’.
A material changing state from liquid to solid.
State what is meant by the term ‘condensation’.
A material changing state from gas to liquid.
Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.
Particles in a solid are:
- close together
- not free to move (only vibrate)
- arranged regularly
Describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid.
Particles in a liquid are:
- close together
- move around each other
- not arranged in any order
Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas.
Particles in a gas are:
- very far apart
- free to move in any direction
- not arranged in any order
Solid, liquid or gas?
Solid.
Solid, liquid or gas?
Liquid.
Solid liquid or gas?
Gas.
In which state of matter do the particles move around fastest?
Gas.
Describe what happens to the particles in a material when its temperature is raised.
The particles move faster as the temperature of a material is increased.
Name the 3 methods of heat transfer.
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
State the name given to heat transfer through a solid.
Conduction.
Explain how heat travels through a solid.
As a solid is heated the particles vibrate more vigorously.
They bump into nearby particles causing them to vibrate more.
This passes the heat energy along the material.
State the name given to heat transfer through liquids and gases.
Convection.
Heat rises and falls in liquids and gases as shown in the diagram.
What name is given to this process?
Convection current.
Explain how the radiator heats up the air in a room.
- Heater heats nearby air.
- As nearby air warms it becomes less dense.
- This less dense air rises.
- Cooler, denser air takes its place.
- A convection current is set up.
- Heater eventually heats all air up.
State another name for heat.
Infrared radiation.
State the name given to heat transfer through a vacuum.
Radiation.
Conduction of heat is the transfer of heat energy through which state(s) of matter?
Solid.
Convection of heat is the transfer of heat energy through which state(s) of matter?
Liquids
and
Gases
State one method of reducing heat loss in the home by convection.
Loft insulation.
State one method of reducing heat loss in the home by conduction.
Cavity wall insulation.
Double glazing.
Name the three heat transfer methods labelled as X, Y and Z.
- X: convection
- Y: conduction
- Z: radiation
Describe where heat travels from and to.
Heat travels from hot to cold.
Name the fossil fuels.
Coal, oil and gas.
State what is meant by the term ‘non-renewable energy’.
Sources of energy that will eventually run out.
State what is meant by the term ‘renewable energy’.
Sources of energy that will not run out.
Name 5 examples of renewable sources of energy.
Solar
Wind
Hydroelectric
Wave
Tidal
Geothermal
State 2 advantages of using renewable sources of energy.
- They will not run out.
AND - Do not directly produce carbon dioxide or air pollution.
State 2 disadvantages of using renewable sources of energy.
-
Not reliable (not always windy, daylight etc).
AND - Only suitable in particular locations.
Name 2 greenhouse gases.
Carbon dioxide
Methane
What is climate change?
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trapping the sun’s heat causing global temperatures to rise.
State some effectsofclimate change.
Heat waves
Hurricanes
Floods
Droughts
Wild fires
Rising sea levels
Warming oceans
What actions will help reduce the volume of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere?
- Using more renewable energy
- Capturing carbon dioxide produced
- Using electric vehicles
- Eat less meat
