Energy & Matter Exchange in the Biosphere

Question 1

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 1

all living in a community and the abiotic factors they interact with

Question 2

How does matter work in ecosystems?

Answer 2

Matter is cycled between biotic and abiotic factors

Question 3

What is the biosphere?

Answer 3

Sum of all ecosystems on earth.

Question 4

How does matter work in the biosphere?

Answer 4

Matter is recycled between biotic and abiotic factors, energy flows through biotic factors.

Question 5

What is an population?

Answer 5

Same type of organism in one area

Question 6

What is an community?

Answer 6

different types of organisms in an environment

Question 7

What is energy?

Answer 7

The ability to do work and it comes in many different forms.

Question 8

What do organisms require energy for?

Answer 8

Life processes like metabolism, movement, reproduction, growth, and repair.

Question 9

What is energy transferred through?

Answer 9

Conduction, convection, and radiation.

Question 10

What is conduction?

Answer 10

heat transfer through direct contact

Question 11

what is convection?

Answer 11

heat transfer through a fluid (liquid gas) due to movement of molecules

Question 12

what is radiation?

Answer 12

heat transferred in the form of waves, particles, and or rays

Question 13

Energy transfers are…

Answer 13

inefficient

Question 14

Energy transfers are inefficient because….

Answer 14

each conversion makes less energy available to do work

Question 15

What happens to extra energy during conversion?

Answer 15

Energy is lost as unstable energy to the environment

Question 16

What is the sun?

Answer 16

Primary source of energy

Question 17

How is sun energy made available to producers?

Answer 17

Through photosynthesizing producers.

Question 18

What is the role of producers in earths net radiation budget?

Answer 18

earth receives 10^22 J of solar radiation only 1-2% of this is captured by producers through photosynthesis

Question 19

How much solar energy is passed on to consumers?

Answer 19

10% of that 1-2% is passed on to consumers.

Question 20

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 20

Process that stores energy in the form of organic molecules.

Question 21

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 21

process that releases energy metabolizing sugars

Question 22

What are autotrophs?

Answer 22

obtain energy from the sun or chemical energy in order to make their own food and sustain themselves, also known as producers

Question 23

What do autotrophs use to make energy?

Answer 23

Glucose

Question 24

What can autotrophs be classified as?

Answer 24

Phototrophs chemotroph

Question 25

What are heterotrophs?

Answer 25

An organism that obtains energy it needs from the consumption of other autotrophs and or heterotrophs, also known as consumers

Question 26

What are phototrophs?

Answer 26

obtain energy by producing their food through photosynthesis

Question 27

what are chemotrophs?

Answer 27

obtain energy stored in molecules to produce their own using chemosynthesis

Question 28

Food chains

Answer 28

one path way of enmergy

Question 29

Food webs

Answer 29

All possible energy paths

Question 30

what is the pyramid of numbers?

Answer 30

number of organisms at each tropic level

Question 31

what is the pyramid of biomass?

Answer 31

the amount of biomass (g/m^2) per trophic level

Question 32

Under what circumstances might we see a reverse of the pyramid of biomass?

Answer 32

if the biomass production rate is very high the pyramid can be inverted

Question 33

what is the pyramid of energy?

Answer 33

total amount of energy transferred through each trophic level (always an upright pyramid) measured in j or kj, or Kj/m^2/year

Question 34

what are pyramids of energy always upright?

Answer 34

as energy flows from one trophic level to the next trophic level some form of energy is lost in the form of heat in each trophic level

Question 35

What is the rule of 10?

Answer 35

approx. 10% of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next is lost as unstable energy in the form of heat

Question 36

How much energy is lost heat?

Answer 36

90%

Question 37

What is biomagnification?

Answer 37

Biomagnification is a process causing the concentration of a substance to increase at a higher level of the food chain

Question 38

What does the biosphere remain as?

Answer 38

Equilibrium or in other words homeostasis means a state of balance

Question 39

What is the Gaia hypothesis?

Answer 39

definition of the earth’s atmosphere as “a component of the biosphere rather than as a mere environment for life”

Question 40

Who made the Gaia hypothesis?

Answer 40

James Lovelock

Question 41

What does the Gaia hypothesis also mention?

Answer 41

Biotic and abiotic factors on Earth interact to form a single, self-regualting system to maintain life on the planet

Question 42

what does carbonic acid do to the ocean?

Answer 42

it can alter the ocean’s pH to acidic and cause damage to the sea life

Question 43

What is productivity in the ecosystem?

Answer 43

the rate at which the ecosystem’s producers capture and store energy in organic compounds cover a specific period of time and the rate at which organisms produce new biomass

Question 44

What is the chemical equation for carbonic acid?

Answer 44

H2CO3

Question 45

What is the phosphorus cycle?

Answer 45

transported through the water and soil and requires cellular DNA and ATP, it is found found teeth and bones and limits the growth of crops

Question 46

What is the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 46

transported through the air, water, and soil requires to build proteins and DNA

Question 47

What can the sulphur and nitrogen cycle cause together?

Answer 47

acid rain

Question 48

What is the carbon/oxygen cycle?

Answer 48

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Question 49

what is the water cycle?

Answer 49

connects other cycles & ecosystems by carrying nutrients