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Human Geog = Energy and Tourism > Energy - KQ1 (sources of energy and global pattern) > Flashcards

Energy - KQ1 (sources of energy and global pattern) Flashcards

1
Q

What is energy mix?

A

The mix of different types of energy that a country produces and consumes. This varies by country for a number of reasons

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2
Q

What are key facts about energy use?

A
  • World energy consumption is increasing, but not in all regions
  • Coal, oil and natural gas provide the most energy worldwide = HEP, renewables and nuclear provide less in comparison
  • Energy consumption is highest in MEDCs (UK and USA), growing quickly in NICs (China) and slowest in LEDCs (Mali)
  • LEDCs are often the highest consumers of biomass (eg wood)
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3
Q

Define proven oil reserves

A

How much oil we have

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4
Q

What is the Reserves-to-Production (RIP ration)?

A

The reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by production in that year
- The result is the length of time that those remaining reserves would last if production were to continue at that level

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5
Q

What is supply shock?

A

A significant interruption to supply due to an environmental, economic or political event

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6
Q

What is OPEC?

A

The Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries

- Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela

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7
Q

What is peak oil production?

A

The year in which the world or an individual oil producing country reaches its highest level of production, with production declining thereafter
Estimates vary because:
- New oil reserves could be discovered
- Our consumption may reduce so it lasts longer
- a new energy source found

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8
Q

What are the types of energy?

A
  • Non-renewable = fossil fuels (coal, gas, oil)
  • Semi-renewable = wood, biofuels, nuclear
  • Renewable = wind, tidal, wave, solar, geothermal, water
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9
Q

Where is the main source of oil?

A
  • Middle East (Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey)

- Nearly 60%

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10
Q

Where is the main source of natural gas?

A
  • Europe and Asia

- 33%

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11
Q

Where is the main source of coal?

A
  • Asia Pacific (India, Pakistan, China, Australia)

- 50%

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12
Q

What are facts about oil?

A
  • 30% of energy consumed from each region around the world
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13
Q

What are facts are natural gas?

A
  • Increasingly popular = economic and efficient
  • Produces less CO2 than coal or oil
  • Least polluting of energy sources
  • Production is dominated by Russia and USA
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14
Q

What are facts about coal?

A
  • 2nd most global energy source
  • Most polluting energy source, but largest global reserves
  • Some countries still have large coal reserves
  • USA, Russia, China, India and Australia produce over 2/3 of all oil
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15
Q

What are facts about nuclear energy?

A
  • Rare but produced in Europe at 10%
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16
Q

What are facts about hydroelectric power?

A
  • South and Central America at 28%
17
Q

What are physical reasons for variation in energy supply?

A
  • Deposits of fossil fuels are only found in several locations
  • Large power stations require flat land
  • Solar power needs strong sunlight and often
  • Wind power needs strong wind
  • Tidal power needs very large tidal range
  • Availability of biomass varies due to climactic conditions
18
Q

What are economic reasons for variation in energy supply?

A
  • Most accessible, and lowest cost, deposits of fossil fuels are developed first
  • Onshore deposits of oil and gas = usually cheaper to develop than offshore deposits
  • Potential hydroelectric sites close to major transport routes and existing electricity
  • When energy prices rise significantly, companies spend more on exploration and development
19
Q

What are political reasons for variation in energy supply?

A
  • Countries wanting to develop nuclear electricity require permission from the International Atomic Energy Agency
  • International agreements (eg Kyoto Protocol) can have a considerable influence on the energy decisions of several countries
  • Anti-pollution agreements
20
Q

What are the reasons for the changing pattern of energy consumption over time?

A

Technological development
- Nuclear energy only available since 1950s
- Oil and gas can be exported from much deeper waters
- Renewable energy technology is advancing steadily
Increasing national wealth
- Average income rising = improving living standard = more energy use and variations
Changes in demand
Changes in price
- Power stations are cheaper to run on natural gas
Environmental factors
- People are more aware of pollutants and the environment

Human Geog = Energy and Tourism (4 decks)

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