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P2 - Physics > Energy From the Nucleus (Stars) > Flashcards

Energy From the Nucleus (Stars) Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the universe before galaxies and stars were formed?

A

dark patch cloud of hydrogen and helium

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2
Q

What pulled matter into galaxies and stars?

A

Gravity

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3
Q

What is a galaxy?

A

A collection of billions of stars held together by their own gravity

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4
Q

What galaxy is the sun and the solar system in?

A

Milky Way Galaxy

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5
Q

What is a protostar?

A

A gas and dust cloud in space that can go on to form a star

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6
Q

What provides the energy released by a star? What happens?

A

Nuclear fusion provides this, of hydrogen into helium

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7
Q

What is a supernova?

A

The explosion of a supergiant star after it collapses

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8
Q

What is the life cycle of a LOW mass star? (Eg our sun)5

A 
1Protostar 
2 main sequence star 
3 red giant
4 white dwarf
5 black dwarf
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9
Q

Life cycle of HIGH mass star?6

A 
1 protostar
2 main sequence star
3 red supergiant 
4 supernova 
5 neutron star
6 if sufficient mass - black hole
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10
Q

Where are elements as heavy as iron formed?

A

Inside stars as a result of nuclear fusion

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11
Q

Where are elements heavier than iron formed?

A

In supernovas

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12
Q

What were the sun and the rest of the solar system formed from?

A

From the debris of supernovas

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13
Q

Where are molecules of carbon based chemicals found?

A

In space

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14
Q

What is the most probable reason for the formation of life on Earth?

A

From chemicals reacting in lightning storms

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15
Q

Why are space probes sent to Mars?

A

To test the atmosphere, rocks and soil

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16
Q

What did the SETI project use radio telescopes for

A

To scan for signals from outer space

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17
Q

Roughly how long ago is it predicted that the Big Bang occurred?

A

13 billion years ago

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18
Q

How does res shift from distant galaxies provide evidence for the beginning of the universe?

A

Shows galaxies are moving away from the earth
More distant galaxies have bigger redshift
Suggests a point of origin

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19
Q

What is a nebula?

A

Clouds of gas and dust in space

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20
Q

How long ago was the Big Bang?

A

13 billion years ago

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21
Q

Before galaxies and stars formed the universe what was there?

A

A dark patch cloud of hydrogen and helium

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22
Q

What galaxy is the solar system?

A

Milky Way

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23
Q

What were the sun and solar system formed from?

A

From the debris of supernovas

24
Q

What does the SETI do?

A

Used radio telescopes to scan for signals from outer place

25
Q

What are space probes testing in Mars?

A

Atmosphere
Rock
Soil

26
Q

Why were light elements formed?

A

As a result of fusion of stars

26
Q

How does the size of a star affect the rate of nuclear fusion?

A

Faster in a large star than a small star
Shorter main sequence period
So faster rate of using up hydrogen

27
Q

How does a protostar become a star?

A

As it becomes denser it becomes hotter
If it becomes hot enough hydrogen and light fusion occurs
Energy is released as the core becomes hotter and brighter

28
Q

How do stars release energy?

A

Because of hydrogen fusion in the core

29
Q

Difference between protostar and main sequence star?

A

Protostar does not emit radiation

As fusion reactions haven’t started

30
Q

When does a supernova become a black hole?

A

When a high mass star is very high in mass the core collapses to form a black hole

31
Q

When does a supernova become a neutron star?

A

If the high mass star has a smaller mass the core shrinks becoming a neutron star

32
Q

How were the elements formed?

A

Nuclear fusion of hydrogen and helium

Elements heavier than iron were formed by a supernova

33
Q

Describe a main sequence star?

A

Energy released in core keeps it hot
Nuclear fusion continues

Star is stable because gravity (which makes the star contract) is be lanced with the outward force of radiation from the core

34
Q

How does a mainsequence star change to another type?

A

The forces become unbalanced when the star runs out of hydrogen to fuse

35
Q

What happens to high mass star after it is a main sequence star?

A

Swells until it becomes a red super giant

36
Q

What happens after a redsupergiant collapsed?

A

The outer layers explode
In the collapse matter compressed the core
The compression suddenly reversed into a supernova
The supernova causes all elements to be formed (HEAVIER THAN IRON)

37
Q

After a supernova what happens to a high mass star?

A

If the mass is large enough the core collapses to form a black hole
If the mass is lower the compression shrinks the core into a neutron star

38
Q

What is a neutron star?

A

An extremely dense object comprised only of neutrons

39
Q

What happens to a low mass star after its done main sequence?

A

Swells cools turns read
Into a red giant
Helium and other light elements fuse to form heavier elements

40
Q

When does a star turn into a white dwarf?

A

When there are no more light elements in the core fusion stops and no more radiation is released
Gravity of the star caused the star to collapse on itself
The collapse causes it to heat up and turn from red to white

41
Q

How does a star go from a white dwarf to a black dwarf?

A

Faded out goes cold turns to a black dwarf

42
Q

Describe a white dwarf?

A

Hot dense smaller

43
Q

Why does a star collapse?

A

As the star runs out of hydrogen for nuclear fusion the outward force of radiation is reduced
This causes an imbalance between this and the stars own gravity

44
Q

What causes a star to go from dust and gas to a star?

A

Gravitational attraction

45
Q

How do stars produce energy in main sequence?

A

By converting hydrogen to helium by nuclear fusion

46
Q

Where do the elements produced in a supernova go?

A

Distributed through the universe or space

47
Q

What did CMBR important for?

A

Provided more evidence to support the Big Bang

48
Q

What does the Big Bang describe?

A

The origin of he universe

49
Q

Definitions of red shift?

A

Light moves to red part of spectrum

Wavelength of light appears to increase

50
Q

How were elements distributed throught the universe?

A

By a supernovas explosion at the end of its life

51
Q

Why is the rate of nuclear fusion faster in a large star?

A

Shorter main sequence period so mist have faster rate of fusion
Hydrogen used up at a faster rate

52
Q

How does a red super giant form a supernova?

A

The outer layers explode as a supernova

53
Q

What happens in a supernova to form a neutron star?

A

Core shrinks

54
Q

What happens after a supernova?

A

Core shrinks
Becoming a neutron star
If mass large enough the core collapses to form a black hole

55
Q

What is the name of the outward force from nuclear fusion?

A

Radiation pressure

56
Q

How does a star form?

A

Dust and gas are pulled together by gravitational attraction

P2 - Physics (5 decks)

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