Energy From the Nucleus (Stars)

Question 1

What was the universe before galaxies and stars were formed?

Answer 1

dark patch cloud of hydrogen and helium

Question 2

What pulled matter into galaxies and stars?

Answer 2

Gravity

Question 3

What is a galaxy?

Answer 3

A collection of billions of stars held together by their own gravity

Question 4

What galaxy is the sun and the solar system in?

Answer 4

Milky Way Galaxy

Question 5

What is a protostar?

Answer 5

A gas and dust cloud in space that can go on to form a star

Question 6

What provides the energy released by a star? What happens?

Answer 6

Nuclear fusion provides this, of hydrogen into helium

Question 7

What is a supernova?

Answer 7

The explosion of a supergiant star after it collapses

Question 8

What is the life cycle of a LOW mass star? (Eg our sun)5

Answer 8

1Protostar 
2 main sequence star 
3 red giant
4 white dwarf
5 black dwarf

Question 9

Life cycle of HIGH mass star?6

Answer 9

1 protostar
2 main sequence star
3 red supergiant 
4 supernova 
5 neutron star
6 if sufficient mass - black hole

Question 10

Where are elements as heavy as iron formed?

Answer 10

Inside stars as a result of nuclear fusion

Question 11

Where are elements heavier than iron formed?

Answer 11

In supernovas

Question 12

What were the sun and the rest of the solar system formed from?

Answer 12

From the debris of supernovas

Question 13

Where are molecules of carbon based chemicals found?

Answer 13

In space

Question 14

What is the most probable reason for the formation of life on Earth?

Answer 14

From chemicals reacting in lightning storms

Question 15

Why are space probes sent to Mars?

Answer 15

To test the atmosphere, rocks and soil

Question 16

What did the SETI project use radio telescopes for

Answer 16

To scan for signals from outer space

Question 17

Roughly how long ago is it predicted that the Big Bang occurred?

Answer 17

13 billion years ago

Question 18

How does res shift from distant galaxies provide evidence for the beginning of the universe?

Answer 18

Shows galaxies are moving away from the earth
More distant galaxies have bigger redshift
Suggests a point of origin

Question 19

What is a nebula?

Answer 19

Clouds of gas and dust in space

Question 20

How long ago was the Big Bang?

Answer 20

13 billion years ago

Question 21

Before galaxies and stars formed the universe what was there?

Answer 21

A dark patch cloud of hydrogen and helium

Question 22

What galaxy is the solar system?

Answer 22

Milky Way

Question 23

What were the sun and solar system formed from?

Answer 23

From the debris of supernovas

Question 24

What does the SETI do?

Answer 24

Used radio telescopes to scan for signals from outer place

Question 25

What are space probes testing in Mars?

Answer 25

Atmosphere Rock Soil

Question 26

Why were light elements formed?

Answer 26

As a result of fusion of stars

Question 26

How does the size of a star affect the rate of nuclear fusion?

Answer 26

Faster in a large star than a small star Shorter main sequence period So faster rate of using up hydrogen

Question 27

How does a protostar become a star?

Answer 27

As it becomes denser it becomes hotter If it becomes hot enough hydrogen and light fusion occurs Energy is released as the core becomes hotter and brighter

Question 28

How do stars release energy?

Answer 28

Because of hydrogen fusion in the core

Question 29

Difference between protostar and main sequence star?

Answer 29

Protostar does not emit radiation | As fusion reactions haven't started

Question 30

When does a supernova become a black hole?

Answer 30

When a high mass star is very high in mass the core collapses to form a black hole

Question 31

When does a supernova become a neutron star?

Answer 31

If the high mass star has a smaller mass the core shrinks becoming a neutron star

Question 32

How were the elements formed?

Answer 32

Nuclear fusion of hydrogen and helium | Elements heavier than iron were formed by a supernova

Question 33

Describe a main sequence star?

Answer 33

Energy released in core keeps it hot Nuclear fusion continues Star is stable because gravity (which makes the star contract) is be lanced with the outward force of radiation from the core

Question 34

How does a mainsequence star change to another type?

Answer 34

The forces become unbalanced when the star runs out of hydrogen to fuse

Question 35

What happens to high mass star after it is a main sequence star?

Answer 35

Swells until it becomes a red super giant

Question 36

What happens after a redsupergiant collapsed?

Answer 36

The outer layers explode In the collapse matter compressed the core The compression suddenly reversed into a supernova The supernova causes all elements to be formed (HEAVIER THAN IRON)

Question 37

After a supernova what happens to a high mass star?

Answer 37

If the mass is large enough the core collapses to form a black hole If the mass is lower the compression shrinks the core into a neutron star

Question 38

What is a neutron star?

Answer 38

An extremely dense object comprised only of neutrons

Question 39

What happens to a low mass star after its done main sequence?

Answer 39

Swells cools turns read Into a red giant Helium and other light elements fuse to form heavier elements

Question 40

When does a star turn into a white dwarf?

Answer 40

When there are no more light elements in the core fusion stops and no more radiation is released Gravity of the star caused the star to collapse on itself The collapse causes it to heat up and turn from red to white

Question 41

How does a star go from a white dwarf to a black dwarf?

Answer 41

Faded out goes cold turns to a black dwarf

Question 42

Describe a white dwarf?

Answer 42

Hot dense smaller

Question 43

Why does a star collapse?

Answer 43

As the star runs out of hydrogen for nuclear fusion the outward force of radiation is reduced This causes an imbalance between this and the stars own gravity

Question 44

What causes a star to go from dust and gas to a star?

Answer 44

Gravitational attraction

Question 45

How do stars produce energy in main sequence?

Answer 45

By converting hydrogen to helium by nuclear fusion

Question 46

Where do the elements produced in a supernova go?

Answer 46

Distributed through the universe or space

Question 47

What did CMBR important for?

Answer 47

Provided more evidence to support the Big Bang

Question 48

What does the Big Bang describe?

Answer 48

The origin of he universe

Question 49

Definitions of red shift?

Answer 49

Light moves to red part of spectrum | Wavelength of light appears to increase

Question 50

How were elements distributed throught the universe?

Answer 50

By a supernovas explosion at the end of its life

Question 51

Why is the rate of nuclear fusion faster in a large star?

Answer 51

Shorter main sequence period so mist have faster rate of fusion Hydrogen used up at a faster rate

Question 52

How does a red super giant form a supernova?

Answer 52

The outer layers explode as a supernova

Question 53

What happens in a supernova to form a neutron star?

Answer 53

Core shrinks

Question 54

What happens after a supernova?

Answer 54

Core shrinks Becoming a neutron star If mass large enough the core collapses to form a black hole

Question 55

What is the name of the outward force from nuclear fusion?

Answer 55

Radiation pressure

Question 56

How does a star form?

Answer 56

Dust and gas are pulled together by gravitational attraction