Energy for Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Define metabolism

A

the chemical processes that occur within a cell to maintain life. Some substances are broken down to provide energy while others are resynthesised to store energy.

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2
Q

Define adenosine triphosphate

A

ATP

a high compound which is the only immediately available source of energy for muscular contraction

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3
Q

Define enzyme

A

biological catalyst which increases the speed of chemical reactions

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4
Q

Define ATPase

A

an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of ATP

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5
Q

Define exothermic reaction

A

a chemical reaction which releases energy

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6
Q

Define adenosine diphosphate

A

a compound formed by the removal of a phosphate bond from ATP

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7
Q

What is energy?

A

it is the capacity to form work

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8
Q

3 different forms of energy

A

chemical
potenital
kinetic

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9
Q

How do the different forms of energy work together?

A

chemical in the food we eat, stored as potential energy then converted to kinetic energy for muscular contraction

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10
Q

How can the food we eat be stored?

A

amine acids
triglycerides
glycogen
so it is ready for energy production

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11
Q

What happens when the fuels are metabolised?

A

they are converted to ATP

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12
Q

What is ATP known as?

A

the universal energy currency of the human body

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13
Q

When ATP is broken down, energy is provided for?

A

cellular respiration such as
digestion
nerve transmission
muscular contraction

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14
Q

Where is ATP stored?

A

in the muscle cells

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15
Q

What is the consideration of ATP?

A

one adenosine and 3 phosphates held together by bonds of chemical energy

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16
Q

Explain the breakdown of ATP

A

the enzyme ATPase is released which stimulates the final high-energy bond to be broken, it leaves ADP and P

17
Q

What type of reaction is ATP breakdown?

A

exothermic reaction

18
Q

How long does the store of ATP in the muscle cells last for?

A

2-3 seconds

19
Q

Define endothermic reaction

A

a chemical reaction which absorbs energy

20
Q

What type of reaction is ATP resynthesis?

A

endothermic reaction

21
Q

Explain the resynthesis of ATP

A

energy from the surrounding areas is absorbed to rebuild the high energy bond between ADP and P

22
Q

Where does the energy required for ATP resynthesis come from?

A

one of the three energy systems which breaks down food fuels stored around the body

23
Q

Equation for ATP resynthesis

A

ADP + P + energy = ATP

24
Q

Equation for ATP breakdown

A

ATP = ADP + P + energy

25
Q

Name the 3 different energy systems

A

ATP PC
glycolytic
aerobic

26
Q

What do the three energy systems do?

A

they breakdown food fuels to provide energy for ATP resynthesis

27
Q

Define creatine kinase

A

an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC)

28
Q

Define phosphocreatine

A

a high energy compound stores in the muscle cell and broken down for ATP resynthesis

29
Q

Define anaerobic

A

without the presence of oxygen

30
Q

Define sarcoplasm

A

the cytoplasm or fluid within the muscle cell which holds stores of PC, glycogen and myoglobin

31
Q

Define mole

A

a unit of a substance

32
Q

Define coupled reaction

A

where the products of one reaction are used in another reaction.

33
Q

Define creatine kinase

A

an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC)

34
Q

Define phosphocreatine

A

a high energy compound stored in the muscle cell and broken down for ATP resynthesis

35
Q

Define anaerobic

A

without the presence of oxygen

36
Q

Define sarcoplasm

A

the cytoplasm or fluid within the muscle cell which holds stores of PC, glycogen and myoglobin

37
Q

Define mole

A

a unit of substate quantity

38
Q

Define coupled reaction

A

where the products of one reaction are used in another reaction

39
Q

When does the ATP-PC system kick it?

A

during high intensity activity after the first two seconds of intense activity depletes the original ATP stores