Energy for Exercise Flashcards
Define metabolism
the chemical processes that occur within a cell to maintain life. Some substances are broken down to provide energy while others are resynthesised to store energy.
Define adenosine triphosphate
ATP
a high compound which is the only immediately available source of energy for muscular contraction
Define enzyme
biological catalyst which increases the speed of chemical reactions
Define ATPase
an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of ATP
Define exothermic reaction
a chemical reaction which releases energy
Define adenosine diphosphate
a compound formed by the removal of a phosphate bond from ATP
What is energy?
it is the capacity to form work
3 different forms of energy
chemical
potenital
kinetic
How do the different forms of energy work together?
chemical in the food we eat, stored as potential energy then converted to kinetic energy for muscular contraction
How can the food we eat be stored?
amine acids
triglycerides
glycogen
so it is ready for energy production
What happens when the fuels are metabolised?
they are converted to ATP
What is ATP known as?
the universal energy currency of the human body
When ATP is broken down, energy is provided for?
cellular respiration such as
digestion
nerve transmission
muscular contraction
Where is ATP stored?
in the muscle cells
What is the consideration of ATP?
one adenosine and 3 phosphates held together by bonds of chemical energy
Explain the breakdown of ATP
the enzyme ATPase is released which stimulates the final high-energy bond to be broken, it leaves ADP and P
What type of reaction is ATP breakdown?
exothermic reaction
How long does the store of ATP in the muscle cells last for?
2-3 seconds
Define endothermic reaction
a chemical reaction which absorbs energy
What type of reaction is ATP resynthesis?
endothermic reaction
Explain the resynthesis of ATP
energy from the surrounding areas is absorbed to rebuild the high energy bond between ADP and P
Where does the energy required for ATP resynthesis come from?
one of the three energy systems which breaks down food fuels stored around the body
Equation for ATP resynthesis
ADP + P + energy = ATP
Equation for ATP breakdown
ATP = ADP + P + energy
Name the 3 different energy systems
ATP PC
glycolytic
aerobic
What do the three energy systems do?
they breakdown food fuels to provide energy for ATP resynthesis
Define creatine kinase
an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC)
Define phosphocreatine
a high energy compound stores in the muscle cell and broken down for ATP resynthesis
Define anaerobic
without the presence of oxygen
Define sarcoplasm
the cytoplasm or fluid within the muscle cell which holds stores of PC, glycogen and myoglobin
Define mole
a unit of a substance
Define coupled reaction
where the products of one reaction are used in another reaction.
Define creatine kinase
an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC)
Define phosphocreatine
a high energy compound stored in the muscle cell and broken down for ATP resynthesis
Define anaerobic
without the presence of oxygen
Define sarcoplasm
the cytoplasm or fluid within the muscle cell which holds stores of PC, glycogen and myoglobin
Define mole
a unit of substate quantity
Define coupled reaction
where the products of one reaction are used in another reaction
When does the ATP-PC system kick it?
during high intensity activity after the first two seconds of intense activity depletes the original ATP stores
