Energy for exercise Flashcards
What is a coupled reaction and give an example of this?
where products of one reaction are used in another
ATP and ADP reaction
How does ATP produce energy?
Energy stored between the last 2 phosphate groups, broken down by ATPase
ATP is broken down into ADP and energy in a hydrolysis reaction
How is ATP resynthesised?
ADP and a phosphate form to make ATP using energy
What is the ATP/PC systems reaction type, fuel, site, enzyme, yield and byproducts?
Anaerobic
Fuel = phosphocreatine
Site = sarcoplasm
Enzyme = creatine kinase
Yield = 1 ATP
Byproduct = none
What are the stages of the ATP/PC system and it’s intensity and duration?
PC = P + C + energy (exothermic)
Energy + ADP + P = ATP
(endothermic)
Intensity = very high
Duration = 2-10 seconds
What are strengths of the ATP/PC system?
- no delay for O2
- PC readily available in muscles
- energy provided quickly
- no fatiguing by product
- simple + rapid break down
What are weaknesses of the ATP/PC system?
- low ATP yield
- small PC stores
- rapid fatigue after 8-10 seconds
What is the glycolytic systems reaction type, fuel, site, enzyme, yield and byproducts?
Anaerobic
Fuel = glycogen/glucose
Site = sarcoplasm
Enzyme = GPP, PFK, LDH
Yield = 2 ATP
Byproducts = lactic acid
What are the stages of the glycolytic system and it’s intensity and duration?
Glucose undergoes anaerobic glycolysis
Pyruvic acid/without O2 = lactic acid
Intensity = high/moderate
Duration = up to 3 minutes
What are strengths of the glycolytic system?
- no delay for O2
- lasts longer than ATP/PC system
- lactic acid can be recycled into fuel for further energy production
- large fuel stores in liver, muscles and blood stream
What are weaknesses of the glycolytic system?
- fatiguing byproduct lactic acid reduces PH and enzyme activity
- relatively low ATP yield
- lengthy recovery
What is the aerobic systems reaction type, fuel, site, enzyme, yield and byproducts?
Aerobic
Fuel = glycogen/glucose fat
Site = 1 - sarcoplasm
2 - matrix
3 - cristae
Enzyme = acetyl-CoA + PFK
Yield = 38 ATP
Byproduct = CO2 + H2O
What are the stages of the glycolytic system and it’s intensity and duration?
Aerobic glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
Intensity = low/moderate
Duration = 3 minutes on
What are strengths of the aerobic system?
- high ATP yield
- long energy production duration
- no fatiguing byproducts
- large fuels (glycogen, glucose and triglycerides)
What are weaknesses of the aerobic system?
- delay for O2 delivery
- complex series of reactions
- slow energy production = sub-maximal intensity
