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Y13 A Level PE- Jones > Energy for Exercise > Flashcards

Energy for Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Define ATP?

A

The only usable form of energy in the body. The only currency that provides all forms of biological energy.

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2
Q

Define coupled reaction?

A

Where the products of one reaction are used in another.

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3
Q

Define exothermic and give an example?

A

When a compound is broken down into smaller elements, also known as a decomposition reaction.
eg: ATP breakdown through the facilitating enzyme ATPase.

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4
Q

Define endothermic and give an example?

A

When a group of elements combine to form a compound, also known as a synthesis reaction.
Needs heat/ energy.
eg: ATP resynthesise as ADP combines with phosphate and energy.

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5
Q

Describe the role of ATP in physical performance? (4 marks) BEEAT

A 
Broken down by ATPase 
Exothermic reaction when broken down
Energy stored between bonds
ATP stored in mules for two seconds for contractions
The only usable form of energy
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6
Q

Explain the role of ATP in providing energy for muscular contraction.

A

The only usable form of energy
High ENERGY phosphate compounds store potential energy
Facilitating enzyme is ATPase
Exothermic when broken down.

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7
Q 
The ATP-PC SYSTEM 
Type 
Site 
Fuel 
Enzyme 
ATP Yield
A 
Type of Reaction: Anaerobic reaction 
Site of Reaction: Sarcoplasm
Food Fuel used: Phosphocreatine (PC)
Controlling enzyme: Creatine Kinase
ATP YEILD : 1 mole of PC : 1 mole of ATP
PC--- P + C + energy (exothermic)
Energy+ P + ADP--- ATP (endothermic)

No bi-products
Very High Intensity
2-10 seconds

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8
Q

Evaluate the ATP-PC system?

A

+ Quick resynthesise as no presence of oxygen
+ Automatically stimulated by ATP decrease and ADP increase
+ Replenish quickly
+No fatiguing bi-products

  • 1 mole of PC yields to 1 mole of ATP
  • Only 2-10 seconds
  • Small amounts of ATP stored in sarcoplasm
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9
Q

What causes the change of pyruvic acid into lactic acid?

A

The rise in lactic acid levels and ph levels. This lactic acid is created by LDH and inhibits enzyme activity.

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10
Q

Define buffering capacity?

A

The ability of hydrogen ions (buffers) to neutralise the effects of lactic acid in the blood stream.

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11
Q

What are training adaptations to the glycolytic system ?

A
  • Increase the bodies tolerance to lactic acid and it’s buffering capacity
  • Increase the bodies stores of glycogen
  • Delay OBLA and fatigue.
  • Allows athletes to work at higher intensities for longer AVOIDING FATIGUE
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12
Q

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM
Site?
Type?….

A

Anaerobic

Sacroplasm

PFK and LDH

1 mole of glycogen: 2 moles of ATP

Lactic acid bi- product

High Intensity

Up to three minutes

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13
Q

Evaluate the Glycolytic System?

A

+ large glycogen stores in muscles and liver readily available
+ resynthesises 2 ATP moles
+ PFK enzyme activation due to drop in P and ATP
+ energy for high intensity
+ O2 not required

  • not as quick as ATP- PC system
  • OBLA
  • lactic acid bi- product (inhibits your enzyme action)
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14
Q

What’s the name of the process of glucose breakdown in the presence of oxygen?

A

Aerobic Glycosis

Aerobic system

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15
Q

What takes place after aerobic glycosis?

A

2ATP is produced and LDH would catalyse the conversion of pyruvic acid into the fatiguing bi-product lactic acid.
Instead 02 presence leads to production of Acetyl C of A enzyme

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16
Q

Evaluate the Glycotic system?

A

+ Large glycogen store in the muscles and liver readily available
+ resynthesise of 1 glycogen: 2 ATP
+ PFK enzyme action due to drop of PC and ATP
+ energy for high intensity, oxygen not required

  • not as quick as ATP-PC system
  • OBLA- onset of blood lactate accumulation
  • bi-product of lactic acid alters pH and inhibits enzymes
17
Q 
THE GLYCOTIC SYSTEM
Site
Type 
Fuel 
Enzyme 
ATP- Yield
A 
Anaerobic
Sarcoplasm
Glyocgen/ glucose 
PFK/LDH
1:2
Bi- product= lactic acid
High intensity for 10 seconds to three minutes
18
Q

What are the three stages of the Aerobic system?

A

Aerobic glycosis, the Kreb’s cycle, Electron Transport Chain

19
Q

Aerobic Glycosis Stage?

A

PFK breaks down glycogen and pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen inhibits lactic acid production= 2ATP produced.

20
Q

Kreb’s Cycle?

A

Matrix of mitochondria, Acetyl C o A creates citric acid , this is oxidized and hydrogen is removed= bi-product of carbon dioxide, 2ATP produced.

Citric acid created due to combining with oxaloacetic acid.

21
Q

Electron Transport Chain?

A

Cristate of mitochondria, 34 ATP released ( see PowerPoint for diagrams).

22
Q

Evaluate the Aerobic System?

A

+1:38 ATP yield
+ 3mins+ at moderate/ low intensity
+non- fatiguing bi-products produced
+large potential glycogen and FFA’s

  • slow, due to the fact it requires oxygen
  • fatty acid transportation to muscle cells is slow
  • slower ATP resynthesise rate
  • more complex than other systems
23
Q 
AEROBIC SYSTEM 
Site 
Type 
Fuel 
Enzymes 
ATP- Yield
A

Aerobic
Sarcoplasm, Matrix and Cristae folds of mitochondria
Glycogen and FFA’s
PFK, Acetyl CoA enzyme, Lipase
1: 38
Bi products of CO2 and H2O at low/ moderate intensity for 3+ mins

24
Q

Define “The Energy Continuum”

A

The relative contribution of each energy system to the overall energy production.

25
Q

What two factors effect the energy continuum?

A

Duration and Intensity

26
Q

Define intermittent exercise?

A

The action of exercise intensity changing frequently eg: in a game of netball.

27
Q

Define energy threshold?

A

The point at which a system takes over the predominant energy production from another.

28
Q

What affects the threshold?

A

Fitness- greater aerobic capacity= increased buffering capacity and decreased OBLA
Recovery Periods
Training- Must be training in the correct work: relief ratios.

29
Q

What FOUR MAIN factors affect which system is predominant at energy production?
PSTL

A

Position- GK moves less than C
Size of playing space- Hockey decreases intensity more than netball
Tactics and Strategies- man on man marking
Level of Opponents- harder opponents decrease intensity

Y13 A Level PE- Jones (8 decks)

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