Energy + Fields + Waves Flashcards by Josue Vazquez

Name 2 Differences between Electric and Gravitational Fields

Electrostatic forces are attractive and repulsive while gravity is only attractive. Also, electric fields tend to be much stronger than gravitational fields

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Define Electric Potential

The electric potential at a point in space indicates how much potential energy a coulomb of charge would have at that point.

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Name 2 Similarities between electric and gravitational fields.

1.Both the electrostatic force and gravitational force are inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two objects

Produce non-contact forces

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A satellite is in a circular orbit around Earth (rEarth = 6.38 x 10^6 m, mEarth = 5.98 x 10^24 kg) at an altitude of 650 km. What orbital speed must the satellite maintain to stay in orbit at this altitude? (two sig figs)

7.5 x 10^3 m/s

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True or False: When a conductor is placed in a magnetic field, the force on the conductor is inversely proportional to the current in the conductor.

False

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The charge of one electron is -1.6 X 10^-19 Coulombs. If a neutral object loses 1.5x106 electrons, then what will be its charge?

+2.4 x 10-13 C

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The outer shell electrons in metals are not tightly bound to the nuclei of their atoms. They are free to roam throughout the material, moving from atom to atom. These materials are good ____.

A. Conductors
B.Insulators
C. Nothing

Answer: Conductors

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The main factor which effects the speed of a sound wave is the ____.

A.Amplitude of the sound wave
B.Intensity of the Sound
C.Loudness of the Sound
D.Properties of the Medium
E.Pitch of the Sound

D. Properties of the Medium

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As a wave travels into a medium in which its speed increases, its wavelength would

A.Decrease
B.Increase
C.Remain the Same

B. Increase

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The electrostatic force between two point charges is 5.7 x 10^-3 N. If the distance between the charges is doubled and the charge on one of them triples, the force between them will be:

4.3 x 10^-3 N

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True or False: Field lines can cross

False

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What does the spacing between field lines represent?

The Strength of the Field: The greater the spacing between the field lines, the weaker the electric field

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True or False: the magnetic force tends to be much stronger than the gravitational force

True

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True or False: If the charged particle is not moving, then the magnetic force on it is zero

True

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What is the relationship between wavelength and diffraction

As the wavelength decreases, the amount of diffraction decreases

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True or False: Slit width is directly proportional to amount of diffraction

False: The width of a slit is inversely proportional to the amount of diffraction

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Does diffraction happen with sound waves?

Yes

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What does Huygen’s Principle state?

All points on a wave front can be though of as new sources of spherical waves

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When white light passes through a prism, the process of spliting into its colors is called:

Dispersion

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What were the three reasons behind Thomas Young’s success with the double slit experiment?

He used a monochromatic light (single wavelength light source)

2.The double slits were spaced much more closely together

3.The light passing through the initial slit acted as a point source, and when the wavefront reached the double slits, two parts of that same wavefront became new sources for the double slits and were therefore coherent.

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True or False: In Coulomb’s Law, the force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the two charges

True

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A rocket triples its height but looses half its mass in fuel. The gravitational potential energy of the rocket has changed by a factor of:

1.5

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True or False: More work is done to lift a 2.00-kg object a distance of 1.00 m at a constant velocity than to push a 1.00-kg block a distance of 1.00 m with a force of 19.6 N.

False

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True or False: For a ball attached to a spring undergoing simple harmonic motion, it has kinetic energy at the two turning points.

False: There is no kinetic energy at the two turning points, instead, all of the energy will be potential energy

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A spring-powered SHM oscillator vibrates with a period of 0.29 s. If the force constant of the spring is 180 N/m, the mass used is:

0.38 kg

A spring with a force constant of 2.1 x 10^4 N/m compresses 3.5 cm when stepped on by a boxer. The mass of the boxer is:

75 kg

True or False: Impulse is a force

False

True or False: Any object with mass has momentum

False

During a collision, an object always encounters an impulse and a change in momentum

True

In a collision, the two colliding objects could have different acceleration values

True

A physics cart rolls along a low-friction track with considerable momentum. If it rolls at the same speed but has twice as much mass, its momentum is ____.

Twice as large

Suppose that you're driving down the highway and a moth crashes into the windshield of your car. Which undergoes the greater acceleration? (Your car or the moth?)

The moth

6. Which of the following objects have momentum? Include all that apply. a. An electron is orbiting the nucleus of an atom. b. A UPS truck is stopped in front of the school building. c. A Yugo (a compact car) is moving with a constant speed. d. A small flea walking with constant speed across Fido's back. e. The high school building rests in the middle of town.

A, C, and D

A truck driving along a highway road has a large quantity of momentum. If it moves at the same speed but has twice as much mass, its momentum is ________________.

C. Doubled

What is the direction of electric field lines?

Positive to Negative

True or False: The net charge inside a conductor is zero

True

What is a Perfectly Inelastic Collision?

one in which objects stick together after impact, and the maximum amount of kinetic energy is lost.

Define Electric Potential Energy

Energy stored in a system that can do work W on a positively charged particle.

The electric field between two parallel plates (one positive and one negative) is uniform as long as ______

The electric field is uniform as long as the separation between the plates is much smaller than their surface area

How many electrons is a Coulomb?

6.25 X 10^18 electrons

If the electric potential difference between two plates is 12V, what does that mean?

One Coulomb of charge will gain 12 joules of potential energy when moved between those two locations

Briefly describe one of the early pieces of evidence supporting the wave nature of light (Involving flashlights)

Two beams of light that cross paths don't interact with each other at all, and if it were made of particles, they would bounce off in random directions. (Source: Ted-Ed)

Name 2 Scientists that supported the wave theory of light

Christiaan Huygens and Robert Hooke

Name 2 Scientists that supported the particle theory of light

Isaac Newton and La Place (French Guy)

What is Straight Line Propagation of Light?

The phenomenon where light travels in straight lines in a uniform medium

Does light need a medium to travel through?

Light waves are electromagnetic waves which do not require a medium to travel from one place to another

The particle theory of light cannot explain what two things?

Diffraction & Interference

True or False: The wave theory of light can support the photoelectric effect

False: (BTW The Photoelectric effect is often defined as the ejection of electrons from a metal plate when light falls on it.)

Define 'Wave' in Physics

A wave is a moving disturbance that transports energy from one place to another but does not necessarily transport matter.

What does the Law of Reflection state?

The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

Finish this sentence: As the slit width decreases, the amount of diffraction ___________

Increases

Finish this sentence: As wavelength decreases, the amount of diffraction ___________

Decreases

True or False: In order for diffraction to be noticeable, the wavelength must be comparable or greater than the slit width.

True

True or False: According to Newton’s third law of motion, the force exerted by the object that is applying the force to the spring is equal and opposite to the force that the spring exerts on that object.

True

What is Damped Harmonic Motion?

Periodic motion in which the amplitude of vibration and thus energy, decreases with time

Every time light reflects off of a slow substance, _______

there's a pi shift (Source; Khan Academy)

What is a thin film?

A very thin layer of a subtance

When the index of refraction of a material increases, ________________________--

The speed of light travelling through the material decreases

In thin film interference, what does it mean if n1 < n2?

This means you are going from a faster medium to a slow medium, and the reflection is shifted 180 degrees (Inverted)

In thin film interference, what does it mean if n1 > n2

This means you are going from a slow medium to a faster medium,

True or False: Index of Refraction, how much light bends when it passes through a material, is the same for different colours

False: It is different for different colours

True or False: The symbol 'C' represents the speed of light in air at standard temperature

False: The symbol 'C' represents the speed of light in a vacuum

What does Coherent mean in waves?

Coherent waves are those waves having the same frequency, same wavelength, and a constant phase difference

Anti Nodal Lines are points of _____________

Constructive Interference

In thin film interference, how much longer do transmitted waves travel than the initial reflected waves?

Twice the thickness of the film longer, so if the thickness were (wavelength)/4, then there would be destructive interference because the transmitted wave would travel twice the wavelength father

True or False: The higher the refractive index (n), the slower the speed of light

True

Is visible light an electromagnetic wave?

Yes

Are nodal lines points of constructive interference?

No, destructive