ENERGY EFFICIENCY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the best way to ensure investment flows towards low-carbon emitting plants?

A

Using electricity when the carbon intensity is low.

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2
Q

What is energy?

A

Energy is the ability to do work and can be in different forms such as heat, electrical, and chemical.

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3
Q

How is electricity produced?

A

Electricity is secondary energy converted from another energy type.

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4
Q

What consumes electricity in software?

A

All software, from mobile applications to data center operations.

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5
Q

What is one of the best ways to reduce electricity consumption in software?

A

Making applications more energy efficient.

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6
Q

What should green software practitioners focus on?

A

Taking responsibility for energy consumed by their products and designing them to consume as little as possible.

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7
Q

What is the final step in the energy efficiency chain?

A

Ensuring the end user of the product is not creating unnecessary emissions.

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8
Q

How can batching jobs help in energy efficiency?

A

By taking advantage of energy proportionality.

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9
Q

How is most electricity produced?

A

Through burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

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10
Q

What is a common misconception about electricity?

A

That it is clean because it doesn’t directly dirty our hands or require exhaust pipes for devices.

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11
Q

What is the single most significant cause of carbon emissions?

A

Energy supply from burning fossil fuels.

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12
Q

What should be our goal if we want to be carbon efficient?

A

To be energy efficient by using the least amount of energy possible per unit of work.

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13
Q

What are the types of low-carbon energy sources?

A

Clean energy, green energy, and renewable energy.

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14
Q

What is clean energy?

A

Energy that doesn’t produce carbon emissions, e.g., nuclear.

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15
Q

What is green energy?

A

Energy sourced from nature.

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16
Q

What is renewable energy?

A

Energy sourced from sources that will not expire, e.g., solar, wind.

17
Q

How is energy measured?

A

Energy is measured in joules (J).

18
Q

How is power measured?

A

Power is measured in watts (W), where 1 watt is one joule per second.

19
Q

What is a kilowatt-hour (kWh)?

A

A measure of energy corresponding to one kilowatt of power sustained for one hour.

20
Q

What is Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)?

A

A metric to measure data center energy efficiency.

21
Q

What does a PUE close to 1.0 signify?

A

Nearly all energy is used by computing equipment.

22
Q

What does a PUE of 2.0 indicate?

A

An additional watt of IT power is required for cooling and distributing power for every watt used by IT equipment.

23
Q

How does energy proportionality relate to computer utilization?

A

The more we utilize a computer, the more efficient it becomes at converting electricity to practical operations.

24
Q

What is the static power draw of a computer?

A

The amount of electricity drawn when in an idle state.

25
Q

Why do PCs, laptops, and end-user devices have power-saving modes?

A

To save on electricity when the device is idle.

26
Q

What is the carbon cost of an idle server?

A

Carbon cost from both the embedded carbon and its inefficient utilization.

27
Q

What is equivalent to building an energy-efficient application?

A

Building a carbon-efficient application.

28
Q

What is a step in the right direction for green software practitioners?

A

Quantifying the energy consumption of an application.

29
Q

What is power usage efficiency (PUE) in the cloud space?

A

The overhead energy used by the hardware where software is running.

30
Q

How does understanding energy proportionality help green software practitioners?

A

It provides insight into how their application behaves with respect to energy consumption in the real world.