Energy Chapter 5 Flashcards
Name the types of energy
Thermal Light Kinetic Sound Electric
Describe what heat energy is
Heat energy can come from flames, chemical reactions, electric devices and most importantly the sun. Thermal energy comes from anything that is classed as hot.
Describe what light energy is
Light energy can come from the sun, light globes, flames. Without light energy the world would be very dark. Light energy comes from anything that produces light
Describe what kinetic energy is
Kinetic energy is the energy of movement. Anything that moves has kinetic energy. The faster an object moves, the greater the amount of kinetic energy
Describe what electrical energy is
Electrical energy is produced by power stations, solar cells, batteries, and lightning. Electrical energy powers your TV, phone, microwave, toaster.
Describe what sound energy is
Electrical energy is produced by power stations, solar cells, batteries, and lightning. Electrical energy powers your TV, phone, microwave, toaster.
Name the types of potential energy
Chemical
Nuclear
Gravitational
Elastic
Describe elastic
Elastic energy is energy stored in a stretched or squashed spring. Stretched rubber bands also store elastic potential energy which is released when they are let go.
Describe gravitational energy
Gravitational energy is energy stored in an object when it is above the ground. The greater the height of an object the more gravitational energy it has. For example a waterslide, the more gravitational energy you have at the top and the more kinetic energy you will have on the way down
Describe nuclear energy
Nuclear energy is energy stored inside the tiny atoms that make up all matter. Nuclear energy is released in a nuclear power plant, when a nuclear bomb explodes, and inside the sun. Nuclear reactions produce heat and light.
Describe chemical energy
Chemical energy is stored in substances. This energy is released by your body when you digest food, and by cats when fuel is burnt. Wood, paper apples, petrol and batteries all contain chemical energy.
What is energy transfer
Energy transfer is when energy is transferred from one object to another
What is convection
The transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion
What is conduction
The transfer of heat of electric current from one substance to another by direct contact.
What is radiation
Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles
What is energy transformations
Energy can be transformed from one type of energy to another in an object
What is energy efficiency
Energy efficiency is a measure or how well something converts into useful energy
What is the equation for working out energy efficiency
In the efficiency equation, the top of the fraction is useful energy output and the bottom of the fraction is total energy input.
Sound energy
Sound is a type of energy produced by vibrations
When a sound vibrates the air particles in turn push outwards on other air particles.
A wave motions transfers energy without an overall transfer of matter
Vibrating air particles have kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is transferred from air particles to air particle as a sound wave travels
The air particles themselves don’t travel with the sound wave but stay in the same spot.
When a sound wave hits a solid surface it can be reflected creating an echo
When a sound hits a soft surface some of the energy is absorbed
The science of sound is called acoustics
Sound travels at about 340m/s through air
The closer the particles the faster the sound will travel.
What is pitch
Low or high sound. The pitch of the sound depends upon how quickly the particles vibrate in a sound wave.
What is frequency
The number of waves that travel past a given point per second. Measured in hertz(HZ)
What is wavelength
The length of one wave. A high-pitched sound has a shorter wavelength
What is loudness measured in
Loudness is measured in a unit called decibels (dB)
Light energy
Like sound, light travels as a wave
Light travels much, much faster than sound
In fact, nothing can travel faster than light
Light travels at about 300 million metres every second. This means light would be able to travel around the equator seven and a half times in just one second
Light does not need a material to travel through
