energy changes Flashcards
thermochemistry
the study of the energy changes involved in chemical and physical processes
open system
a system that can exchange both matter and energy with the surroundings
closed system
a system that can exchange only energy with the surroundings
isolated system
a system that cannot exchange either energy or matter with the surroundings
thermal energy
the sum of all the kinetic energies of all the particles of a sample of matter
temperature
a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles of a sample of matter
specific heat capacity
the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius
first law of thermodynamics
a law stating that energy can be converted from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed
enthalpy, H
the total energy of the system plus the pressure times the volume
endothermic
describes the process during which heat enters a system
exothermic
describes the process during which heat leaves a system
second law of thermodynamics
a law stating that when two objects are in thermal contact, heat is always transferred from the object at a higher temperature to the object at a lower temperature until the two object are at the same temperature
enthalpy of solution
enthalpy change associated with a solute dissolving in a solvent
thermodynamics
enthalpy of phase change and heating curve
