energy changes Flashcards
(29 cards)
thermochemistry
the study of the energy changes involved in chemical and physical processes
open system
a system that can exchange both matter and energy with the surroundings
closed system
a system that can exchange only energy with the surroundings
isolated system
a system that cannot exchange either energy or matter with the surroundings
thermal energy
the sum of all the kinetic energies of all the particles of a sample of matter
temperature
a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles of a sample of matter
specific heat capacity
the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius
first law of thermodynamics
a law stating that energy can be converted from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed
enthalpy, H
the total energy of the system plus the pressure times the volume
endothermic
describes the process during which heat enters a system
exothermic
describes the process during which heat leaves a system
second law of thermodynamics
a law stating that when two objects are in thermal contact, heat is always transferred from the object at a higher temperature to the object at a lower temperature until the two object are at the same temperature
enthalpy of solution
enthalpy change associated with a solute dissolving in a solvent
thermodynamics
enthalpy of phase change and heating curve
enthalpy of chemical changes
nuclear changes
Hess’s Law
thermal stability
reaction rate
rate law equation
rate order
rate constant (k)
initial rate
