Energy Biosphere

Question 1

Sun

Answer 1

ultimate source of energy for movement and storage of water and for its change of state throughout hydrologic cycle

Question 2

Measure Energy

Answer 2

in calories

Question 3

Calorie

Answer 3

energy required to raise 1g of water at standard temp and pressure 1 degree C

Question 4

Langley

Answer 4

how we measure energy we recieve from the sun in cal/cm^2

Question 5

Solar Constant

Answer 5

2.0 langly/min (Ly/min)

Question 6

Evaporation

Answer 6

cooling process, quite slow

Question 7

Bodies

Answer 7

recieve and transmit energy

Question 8

Black Body

Answer 8

absorbs all wavelength or incoming energy and reflect/transmit none

Question 9

As Bodies Absorb Energy

Answer 9

tends to heat up as long as it doesn’t change state; emit more energy at shorter wavelength and reverse as it cools

Question 10

Sun vs. Earth: Sun

Answer 10

emits a lot of energy in short wavelength range

Question 11

Sun vs. Earth: Earth

Answer 11

much cooler; emits longer wavelength radiation

Question 12

Wavelengths

Answer 12

terrestrial emissions are very long compared to solar emissions; we see is a very small band

Question 13

Color

Answer 13

what we see is what is being reflected and everything else is absorbed

Question 14

Albedo

Answer 14

ability of a body to absorb energy; % incident radiation reflected

Question 15

High Albedo

Answer 15

large % is reflected, not absorbed

Question 16

Albedo Varies With

Answer 16

wavelength

Question 17

Sun’s Shortwave Incident Radiation

Answer 17

reflected by atmosphere, some absorbed, and some transmitted

Question 18

Transmitted Energy

Answer 18

can again be transmitted, absorbed, or reflected by bodies

Question 19

Sensible Heat

Answer 19

heat we feel; moves by conduction (s & l) or convection (g)

Question 20

Latent Heat

Answer 20

potential heat; accounts for evaporation, liquefaction, etc.

Question 21

Evapotranspiration Surface

Answer 21

factors that effect the evaporation/transpiration potential of the surface

Question 22

Evapotranspiration Surface Characteristics

Answer 22

field, mature growth, clear-cut, color, etc.; moisture at surface

Question 23

Solid Forest Canopy

Answer 23

type of black body (good absorber) and good radiator; great effect on shortwave, little on longwave

Question 24

Greenhouse Effect

Answer 24

longwave emitted from canopy may be captured by atmosphere due to high moisture and CO2

Question 25

Net Result of Forest Canopy

Answer 25

forests are cooler during the day and warmer at night

Question 26

Radiation

Answer 26

function of temp; can estimate canopy temp by sensing radiant flux at some wavelength

Question 27

Evapotranspiration

Answer 27

amount is directly related to available energy; evaporation if surface is wet, none if dry

Question 28

Land Management Effect

Answer 28

forests are most efficient at using available energy for evapotranspiration; clear cuts and meadows are much less efficient

Question 29

Evapotranspiration and Biosphere

Answer 29

vegetated zone; has movement, processes, and storage capabilities; water may move between atmosphere and soil

Question 30

Interception

Answer 30

results in an amount of precipitation being prevented as it attempts to reach the ground; can be redistributed; depth, not volume; referred to as a loss

Question 31

Interception and Redistribution Cycle

Answer 31

precipitation falls, intercepted water is evaporated, drips, throughfall, stemflow…repeat

Question 32

Interception Mechanics

Answer 32

slows down fall velocity, protects soil from eroding, high canopies could reproduce tall velocities

Question 33

Erosion Effects

Answer 33

fine particles clog pores, raindrop impacts or overland flow initiate erosion, soil aggregates break down

Question 34

Forest Litter

Answer 34

leaves > wet leaves > decomposition > soil (top to bottom); stores tons of water

Question 35

Increase Interception

Answer 35

conversion to pine/fir; decreases amount reaching ground

Question 36

Decrease Interception

Answer 36

thinning of forest; increases amount reaching ground